Environmental Chemistry | SinoGreenTech Research Archive

Browse by Publication Year & VolumeReset All Filters ✕

All Years (189)📅 2026(45)189

Select Specific Issue:

45 • 4 45 • 5 45 • 6 45 • 7 45 • 8

Published Research PapersFiltered: Year 2026 • 45 • 7

Showing 35 of 189 peer-reviewed papers with full Graphical Abstracts.

Original ResearchVol. 45, Issue 7 • pp. 100-112DOI: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2026021202• Jan 15, 2026

Source Apportionment and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in PM2.5 during Winter in Xi'an under Different Pollution Levels Based on the PMF Model

Authors: GAO Fei, DONG Yawei, TIAN Tian, WANG Yuwei, ZHANG Yu, ZHAO Bei

To investigate the sources and health risks of heavy metals in PM2.5 during winter in Xi'an, hourly concentrations of eight heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Ni, Cr, etc.) were measured using an Amms-100 online analyzer at the Xi'an International Horticultural Exposition site from November 2024 to March 2025. The positive matrix factorization (PMF) model was applied for source apportionment, and the U.S. EPA health risk assessment model was used to evaluate carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks for different populations. Results showed that PM2.5 concentrations varied significantly across pollution levels, with an average of 173.5 μg·m−3 during heavy pollution, 4.1, 1.9, and 1.3 times higher than during non-pollution, light, and moderate pollution periods, respectively. Concentrations of Pb, Mn, and Cu increased with pollution level, indicating a combined effect of coal combustion and unfavorable dispersion. PMF identified five sources during non-pollution periods (industrial metallurgy, crustal dust, metal processing, etc.) but only four during polluted periods, with Cu contribution increasing significantly, suggesting a shift to traffic-related mechanical wear. Health risk assessment indicated that carcinogenic risks were highest in adult males, followed by adult females and children. Non-carcinogenic risks (HQ) for Zn and Cu were below 1, but Pb and Mn posed non-carcinogenic risks, with Mn being significant. The incremental lifetime cancer risks (ILCR) for As and Cr exceeded 10−4, identifying them as primary carcinogenic metals. This study provides scientific evidence for targeted air pollution control in Xi'an, emphasizing the need to strengthen controls on coal combustion, traffic, and industrial emissions during heating periods.

Read Full Research Article→Download Authentic PDF

Source Apportionment and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in PM2.5 during Winter in Xi'an under Different Pollution Levels Based on the PMF Model

Graphical Abstract

Original ResearchVol. 45, Issue 7 • pp. 100-112DOI: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2025031901• Jan 15, 2026

Research Progress on Adsorption of Radioactive Iodine from Water by Covalent Organic Frameworks

Authors: ZHENG Peixu, LUO Wei, HUANG Siyu, MENG Min, MENG Mianwu, JIANG Liping

The rapid expansion of the nuclear power industry has increased the demand for effective nuclear wastewater treatment, making the efficient removal of radioactive iodine isotopes (e.g., 131I, 129I) from aqueous environments a critical challenge. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), a class of crystalline porous materials characterized by high specific surface area, tunable pore structures, and exceptional stability, exhibit significant potential for capturing radioactive iodine from water. This review systematically examines the adsorption mechanisms of iodine by COF materials, including electrostatic interactions, charge transfer, hydrogen bonding, and secondary mechanisms such as metal coordination, ion exchange, and van der Waals forces. The effects of COF pore structures on iodine removal efficacy are discussed with a focus on pore size and functional group modifications. Key research trends and prevailing challenges in the application of COFs for aqueous iodine capture are analyzed, including the need for selective adsorption in complex wastewater matrices and the scalability of COF synthesis. The review concludes with a perspective on future research directions, emphasizing the design of novel COFs with tailored pore chemistry and the development of cost-effective, regenerable adsorbents for practical deployment in nuclear wastewater treatment.

Read Full Research Article→Download Authentic PDF

Research Progress on Adsorption of Radioactive Iodine from Water by Covalent Organic Frameworks

Graphical Abstract

Original ResearchVol. 45, Issue 7 • pp. 100-112DOI: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2026021002• Jan 15, 2026

Model-Averaging Species Sensitivity Distribution for Phthalate Esters and Ecological Risk Assessment in Typical Freshwater Basins of China

Authors: LIU Rui, JIA Hexue, ZHANG Na, WU Cong, ZHANG Wenxiang, WANG Fang

The construction of species sensitivity distribution (SSD) models using a single function requires optimization to reduce subjectivity. To minimize model selection uncertainty and align with Chinese freshwater organism effect criteria, this study integrated native freshwater species toxicity data, including experimental and predicted values from interspecies correlation estimation (ICE) and acute-chronic ratio (ACR) methods, and applied a model-averaging approach to construct SSD models for seven representative phthalate esters (PAEs): dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DnBP), butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP), and dihexyl phthalate (DnHP). The derived short-term predicted no-effect concentrations (PNECacute) for DMP, DEP, DnBP, BBP, DEHP, DIDP, and DnHP were 16.796, 4.984, 9.064×10⁻², 2.490×10⁻¹, 1.898×10⁻², 1.386×10⁻¹, and 7.428×10⁻² μg·L⁻¹, respectively. Long-term PNECs (PNECchronic) were 3.245×10², 36.500, 1.149, 4.018, 8.949×10⁻², 1.637, and 4.073×10⁻¹ μg·L⁻¹, respectively. These PNECs, based on native species toxicity data and more stringent than existing standards, are recommended as potential references for water quality criteria based on Chinese freshwater organism effects. Ecological risk assessment using the hazard quotient (HQ) method on exposure concentrations from typical Chinese freshwater basins revealed that DEHP and DnBP posed high short-term risks, BBP mainly medium risk, while DMP, DEP, and DnHP showed low or no risk. Long-term risks indicated DEHP at medium to high risk, DnBP mainly medium to low, BBP low or no risk, and DMP, DEP, and DnHP no risk. The overall ecological risk ranking was DEHP > DnBP > BBP > DEP > DMP ≈ DnHP.

Read Full Research Article→Download Authentic PDF

Model-Averaging Species Sensitivity Distribution for Phthalate Esters and Ecological Risk Assessment in Typical Freshwater Basins of China

Graphical Abstract

Original ResearchVol. 45, Issue 7 • pp. 100-112DOI: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2026012501• Jan 15, 2026

Advances in Research on the Effects of Exposure to Metals and Bisphenol Pollutants on Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents

Authors: ZHOU Ziyi, QI Ruilin, LI Yumiao, XU Hui, XU Jing, WU Weikang, TIAN Zhuoyue, TANG Zhi

Childhood hypertension is a growing global concern, with approximately 4% of Chinese children exhibiting sustained elevated blood pressure meeting hypertension criteria, and single-time-point screening detecting rates of 14%–20% (up to 19% in obese children). Environmental exposure to metals (lead, cadmium, arsenic, mercury, copper, chromium) and bisphenol analogues (bisphenol A, S, F) has been implicated as a modifiable risk factor. This review synthesizes epidemiological evidence linking such exposures to blood pressure alterations in children and adolescents, highlighting dose-response relationships and potential mechanisms, including oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and epigenetic programming. Key findings from cited studies indicate that low-dose bisphenol A exposure alters human cardiomyocyte functionality, and synergistic effects with insulin resistance elevate childhood blood pressure. Metal exposures, particularly lead and cadmium, are associated with increased blood pressure and cardiovascular structural changes. The review underscores the critical window of developmental exposure and the 'tracking phenomenon' linking childhood blood pressure to adult hypertension. Limitations include cross-sectional designs and confounding by mixed exposures. Future research should employ longitudinal cohorts and multi-pollutant models to refine risk assessment. Preventive strategies should integrate school health programs to reduce environmental exposure and monitor cardiovascular health.

Read Full Research Article→Download Authentic PDF

Advances in Research on the Effects of Exposure to Metals and Bisphenol Pollutants on Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents

Graphical Abstract

Original ResearchVol. 45, Issue 7 • pp. 100-112DOI: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2026031202• Jan 15, 2026

Research Progress on Exposure Assessment of Liquid Crystal Monomers

Authors: JIANG Yuchen, BAI Xue, BAO Shan, LU Yifu, SHI Xiaoming

Liquid crystal monomers (LCMs) are a novel class of organic compounds primarily used in the manufacturing of electronic devices such as liquid crystal displays (LCDs). LCMs can enter the environment and organisms through various pathways, and due to their persistence, bioaccumulation potential, and toxicity, they pose significant threats to ecosystems and human health, emerging as a concerning category of organic pollutants. Current research focuses on developing standardized, high-throughput, and highly sensitive analytical methods based on chromatography-mass spectrometry for quantifying LCMs across multiple environmental media. By integrating exposomics and long-term dynamic monitoring, exposure mapping is used to identify characteristic LCMs in different regions. Through screening LCM-exposed biomarkers and integrating human metabolic kinetic models, the assessment methodology is transitioning from environmental concentration-based external exposure estimation to biologically effect-based internal exposure risk evaluation. This research provides a scientific foundation for improving exposure monitoring systems and control measures for LCMs.

Read Full Research Article→Download Authentic PDF

Research Progress on Exposure Assessment of Liquid Crystal Monomers

Graphical Abstract

Original ResearchVol. 45, Issue 7 • pp. 100-112DOI: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2025040202• Jan 15, 2026

Catalytic Hydrogenation Removal of Typical Halophenol Odorous Substances by Palladium Catalysts Confined in UiO-66

Authors: ZHAO Jiayi, XIE Xinyi, SUN Jingya, ZHANG Yufan, FU Heyun

Halophenols are highly toxic disinfection byproducts and common taste-and-odor pollutants in drinking water. In this study, a palladium catalyst confined within the pores of UiO-66 (Pd@UiO-66) was prepared via a double-solvent method and applied for the catalytic hydrodechlorination of 4-chlorophenol (4-CP). A surface-supported catalyst (Pd/UiO-66) was synthesized by deposition-precipitation as a benchmark. Comprehensive characterization using ICP-OES, XRD, TEM, EDX mapping, XPS, and in situ CO-IR revealed that Pd@UiO-66 exhibited smaller Pd particle sizes, higher Pd dispersion, and a greater proportion of cationic Pd species (Pdn+) compared to Pd/UiO-66. These features enhanced the activation and cleavage of the C–Cl bond. Catalytic tests demonstrated that Pd@UiO-66 achieved >90% removal of 4-CP within 15 minutes, with phenol as the sole degradation product, showing significantly lower predicted toxicity (ECOSAR) than the parent compound. The kinetics followed the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model. Pd@UiO-66 exhibited 2.1 times higher initial activity and 1.2 times higher turnover frequency than Pd/UiO-66. Moreover, the pore confinement effect imparted high stability, with no significant loss in initial activity (within 10%) after five reaction cycles. These results highlight the potential of confined Pd catalysts for efficient removal of halophenolic odorants from water.

Read Full Research Article→Download Authentic PDF

Catalytic Hydrogenation Removal of Typical Halophenol Odorous Substances by Palladium Catalysts Confined in UiO-66

Graphical Abstract

Original ResearchVol. 45, Issue 7 • pp. 100-112DOI: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2026021301• Jan 15, 2026

Macrophage-Mediated Pulmonary Inflammatory Response and Underlying Mechanisms Induced by Lithium Cobalt Oxide Nanoparticles

Authors: ZHAO Xinglin, ZHANG Zhenyong, ZHANG Kena, CHEN Yangsheng, LIU Yin, ZHAO Bin

Lithium cobalt oxide (LCO) nanoparticles (NPs), generated during the lifecycle of LCO batteries via mechanical wear, pose respiratory health risks. This study systematically assessed LCO NPs' physicochemical properties, ion release, and immunotoxicity using multi-scale models. LCO NPs exhibited irregular morphology, layered crystal structure, good dispersion, and negative surface charge. Cobalt ion release was minimal: 1.03% in deionized water and 0.11% in cell culture medium. In vitro, LCO NPs significantly induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α) in macrophages, promoting M1 polarization. In vivo, intranasal exposure caused dose-dependent pulmonary accumulation, alveolar destruction, inflammatory cell infiltration, and elevated cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Transcriptomic analysis revealed significant enrichment of NF-κB, JAK-STAT, and Toll-like receptor signaling pathways, implicating these in macrophage activation and inflammation amplification. This multi-level study elucidates LCO NPs' immunotoxicity mechanisms, providing a scientific basis for environmental health risk assessment and management of lithium-ion battery materials.

Read Full Research Article→Download Authentic PDF

Macrophage-Mediated Pulmonary Inflammatory Response and Underlying Mechanisms Induced by Lithium Cobalt Oxide Nanoparticles

Graphical Abstract

Original ResearchVol. 45, Issue 7 • pp. 100-112DOI: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2025033102• Jan 15, 2026

Research Progress on the Olfactory Toxicity of Aquatic Pollutants to Fish

Authors: ZENG Shimin, TONG Changlun, YANG Fangxing

Olfaction is crucial for fish survival in complex aquatic environments, enabling detection and discrimination of odor signals that regulate foraging, predator avoidance, social interaction, courtship, and migration. The fish olfactory system, directly exposed to water, is highly susceptible to aquatic pollutants such as heavy metals and pesticides. This review summarizes the composition and structure of the fish olfactory system, the process of olfactory response, and current research on olfactory toxicity of major aquatic pollutants. Key findings indicate that pollutants like copper and cadmium disrupt olfactory epithelium integrity, alter olfactory sensory neuron (OSN) populations, and impair odor-driven behaviors. For instance, copper exposure in larval zebrafish causes differential death and regeneration of OSN populations, leading to neurobehavioral deficits. Cadmium exposure in juvenile coho salmon differentially alters odorant-driven behaviors and olfactory receptor expression. The review highlights the need for further research on mechanisms, mixture effects, and development of biomarkers for early warning. Understanding olfactory toxicity is vital for ecological risk assessment and for developing fish-based biosensors for water quality monitoring.

Read Full Research Article→Download Authentic PDF

Research Progress on the Olfactory Toxicity of Aquatic Pollutants to Fish

Graphical Abstract

Original ResearchVol. 45, Issue 7 • pp. 100-112DOI: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2025031302• Jan 15, 2026

Occurrence, Bioaccumulation, and Elimination of Trifluoropropylmethylsiloxanes in Sediments and Mollusks of Bohai Bay

Authors: LIU Bihe, XU Lin, ZHAO Rusong, LI Na, CAI Yaqi

Trifluoropropylmethylsiloxanes (D3F and D4F) are emerging contaminants whose environmental behavior remains poorly understood. This study investigated their occurrence, bioaccumulation, and elimination in sediments and mollusks collected from 60 sites across 12 coastal cities along Bohai Bay, China. Concentrations in sediments ranged from <LOD to 17.1 ng/g dry weight (dw) with a detection frequency of 30% and a mean of 5.6 ng/g dw. In mollusks, concentrations ranged from <LOD to 20.2 ng/g wet weight (ww) with a detection frequency of 21.7% and a mean of 4.1 ng/g ww. Compared with cyclic dimethylsiloxanes (D4, D5, D6), trifluoropropylmethylsiloxanes exhibited 1–2 orders of magnitude lower concentrations and 1.4–2.2 times lower biota-sediment accumulation factors (BSAF: 0.67 for D3F, 0.61 for D4F). However, from 2017 to 2023, trifluoropropylmethylsiloxanes showed higher annual accumulation rates in sediments (21.5%) and mollusks (32.8%) than dimethylsiloxanes (10.2% and 6.7%, respectively). This discrepancy is attributed to their higher usage growth, stronger sorption (lg KOC: 6.77 for D3F, 8.81 for D4F vs. 4.22–5.99 for D4–D6), and slower elimination in mollusks (half-lives: 11.1 d for D3F, 20.1 d for trans-D4Fa vs. 5.4–8.6 d for D4–D6). The primary degradation product, methyl(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)silanediol, was detected in sediments (mean 15.7 ng/g dw, detection frequency 33.3%) and mollusks (mean 31.2 ng/g ww, detection frequency 33.3%). Its accumulation rate in mollusks was 1.4 times faster than in sediments, suggesting its potential as an exposure indicator. These findings highlight distinct environmental behaviors of trifluoropropylmethylsiloxanes, necessitating further monitoring and risk assessment.

Read Full Research Article→Download Authentic PDF

Occurrence, Bioaccumulation, and Elimination of Trifluoropropylmethylsiloxanes in Sediments and Mollusks of Bohai Bay

Graphical Abstract

Original ResearchVol. 45, Issue 7 • pp. 100-112DOI: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2025040708• Jan 15, 2026

Research Progress on Bisphenol S-Induced Metabolic Disorder-Related Diseases

Authors: JIANG Xinyao, XIE Chunfeng, ZHONG Caiyun, ZHU Jianyun

Bisphenol S (BPS), a substitute for bisphenol A (BPA), is widely used in food packaging, plastics, and dental fillings. BPS enters and accumulates in the human body via respiratory, digestive, and dermal routes, posing increasing health risks. Epidemiological and animal studies link BPS exposure to metabolic disorders. This review systematically summarizes BPS pollution status and its mechanisms in obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and immune system disorders. BPS detection rates reach 78.5% in food samples (up to 67.1 μg·kg−1) and 81.67% in fish (up to 65.31 μg·kg−1). In indoor dust, BPS levels reach 26.6 μg·g−1, with adult daily exposure estimated at 0.78 ng·kg−1 in China. Mechanistically, BPS disrupts lipid and glucose metabolism, induces oxidative stress and inflammation, and alters nuclear receptor signaling. The review highlights the need for molecular target identification and metabolic network interaction studies to develop intervention strategies.

Read Full Research Article→Download Authentic PDF

Research Progress on Bisphenol S-Induced Metabolic Disorder-Related Diseases

Graphical Abstract

Original ResearchVol. 45, Issue 7 • pp. 100-112DOI: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2025031905• Jan 15, 2026

Assessment and Source Analysis of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution under Different Land Use Types in the Yixun River Basin

Authors: CAO Wenjia, WEI Xiaofeng, XUE Boqiang, CHEN Ziran, XUE Leilei, JIANG Ying, LIU Yang

Land use types profoundly influence the accumulation, speciation, and ecological risk of heavy metals through differences in human activity intensity, pollution input pathways, and soil self-regulation capacity. This study investigated soils of different land use types in Longhua County, downstream of the Yixun River Basin, central Chengde City, Hebei Province. Using the Nemerow Index and Potential Ecological Risk Index, the overall regional pollution was mild (Pn=1.65) with low ecological risk (RI=121.17). Main pollutants were Cd, Pb, Zn, and Hg, with Cd and Hg as primary ecological risk factors. Construction land exhibited moderate pollution and medium risk, with a Nemerow Index of 2.37 and average RI of 190.78, significantly exceeding other land use types. PMF model identified four pollution sources: pedogenic parent material natural source (43.54% contribution) dominating Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn enrichment; metallogenic parent material natural source (19.88%) controlling Cd spatial differentiation; agricultural-transportation mixed source (24.79%) driving As and Pb accumulation; and industrial source (11.93%) causing local Hg enrichment. Natural sources contributed 63.42% of total heavy metals, being the primary contributor. As was generally below background values, not constituting pollution; Pb exceeded standards but posed low ecological risk; industrial Hg enrichment in construction land presented high pollution and ecological risk, requiring priority control.

Read Full Research Article→Download Authentic PDF

Assessment and Source Analysis of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution under Different Land Use Types in the Yixun River Basin

Graphical Abstract

Original ResearchVol. 45, Issue 7 • pp. 100-112DOI: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2026020207• Jan 15, 2026

Occurrence Characteristics and Health Risk Assessment of Hexabromocyclododecanes in Soils from a Historical Production Legacy Site

Authors: YANG Jing, WU Kaixuan, QI Li, YANG Wenlong, ZHU Chaofei, MAO Yanqing, LIU Haoran, LI Jingchen, YAN Yan, DU Bing, LIU Wenbin

Although the production and use of hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) have been completely banned in China since December 2021, historical production activities may still leave high-concentration residual contamination in localized areas. This study investigated a typical legacy site of historical HBCDs production in eastern China. Surface and core soil samples were systematically collected both inside and outside the former plant area to characterize the occurrence, spatial distribution, and environmental burden of HBCDs, and to evaluate associated human health risks. Results showed that HBCD concentrations in soils outside the plant area ranged from below detection limit to 6.90×10² ng·g⁻¹ dw, while those inside the plant area were substantially higher, reaching up to 1.18×10⁶ ng·g⁻¹ dw. γ-HBCD was the dominant isomer; however, its relative abundance was lower than that reported in commercial HBCD mixtures and in previous studies conducted near production facilities. Outside the plant, HBCDs concentrations in soil generally decreased with increasing distance from the site, yet remained detectable at a distance of approximately 10 km (15.2 ng·g⁻¹ dw). Within the plant area, HBCDs concentrations in soil cores decreased with depth, declining from 1.08×10⁴–1.18×10⁶ ng·g⁻¹ dw in surface soils to 1.05–93.5 ng·g⁻¹ dw at depths of about 4 m. Analysis of the relative cumulative environmental burden indicated that although HBCDs loads were highest in the near-source area, they gradually accumulated over a broader spatial scale. Approximately 23.7%, 40.1%, 60.0%, and 87.1% of the total estimated burden accumulated within 2 km, 2.81 km, 4 km, and 6 km from the site, respectively. Health risk assessment indicated that oral ingestion of soil was the primary exposure pathway for different populations. Localized high-contamination zones within the plant area contributed significantly to non-carcinogenic risks, while overall risks for children outside the plant area were at acceptable levels.

Read Full Research Article→Download Authentic PDF

Occurrence Characteristics and Health Risk Assessment of Hexabromocyclododecanes in Soils from a Historical Production Legacy Site

Graphical Abstract

Original ResearchVol. 45, Issue 7 • pp. 100-112DOI: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2025102801• Jan 15, 2026

Water Quality Prediction and Data Quality Enhancement of the Lhasa River Using Machine Learning

Authors: CHEN Jiale, LIU Teng, XU Geng, XIAO Fangjing, CUI Xiaomei, BU Duo, ZHANG Qiangying

This study develops a multivariate time-series forecasting model for water quality in the Lhasa River, focusing on four key indicators: water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, and turbidity. Data preprocessing integrated multiple missing-value imputation strategies and interquartile range (IQR) outlier removal. Boxplots and relative standard deviation (RSD) assessed data distribution and dispersion, while autocorrelation and Pearson correlation analyses revealed periodic patterns and inter-variable relationships. Four representative algorithms—Support Vector Regression (SVR), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), CNN-BiLSTM-Attention, and TCN-Transformer—were optimized via Bayesian hyperparameter tuning. Model performance was evaluated using MAE, MSE, RMSE, and R². The study systematically compared the effects of different missing-value handling methods, both independently and combined with IQR outlier removal. Results indicate that CNN-BiLSTM-Attention excels in water temperature prediction, suitable for relatively stable and simple patterns. In contrast, TCN-Transformer demonstrates superior performance for pH, dissolved oxygen, and turbidity, which exhibit strong nonlinearity and long-term dependencies, effectively capturing temporal dependencies and coupling relationships. The findings provide a viable technical route and theoretical reference for river water quality monitoring and intelligent early-warning systems.

Read Full Research Article→Download Authentic PDF

Water Quality Prediction and Data Quality Enhancement of the Lhasa River Using Machine Learning

Graphical Abstract

Original ResearchVol. 45, Issue 7 • pp. 100-112DOI: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2025032004• Jan 15, 2026

Research and Application of County-Town Scale Air Pollution Tracing Method

Authors: FAN Shoubin, ZHAO Yuncheng, QU Song, ZHANG Chunjie, JIAO Yufang, NIE Ruixian, ZHANG Xuanyu, LONG Teng

This study proposes an integrated source apportionment framework that synergistically integrates pollution source classification, atmospheric dispersion modeling, backward trajectory analysis, weighted trajectory clustering, and forward contribution estimation to accurately target peak reduction at localized air pollution hotspots. Applied at the County-Town Scale in Beijing, this method was employed to investigate pollution episodes at the Tongzhou Dongguan monitoring site. Source classification relied on a pollution fingerprint database and temporal concentration profiles, while local contributions were quantified through combined air quality modeling and monitoring data. Forward and backward trajectory analyses enabled the identification of potential source regions and key contributors. Results indicate that construction dust, road dust, and emissions from the catering industry were the dominant local sources, with construction and road dust contributing most prominently to PM2.5 concentrations. Furthermore, abnormal PM2.5 increases were closely linked to low boundary layer height, weak winds, and high humidity, emphasizing the role of meteorological conditions in pollution accumulation. The proposed framework proves effective in pinpointing local pollution sources and offers a scientific basis for targeted air quality management at finer spatial scales.

Read Full Research Article→Download Authentic PDF

Research and Application of County-Town Scale Air Pollution Tracing Method

Graphical Abstract

Original ResearchVol. 45, Issue 7 • pp. 100-112DOI: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2025032001• Jan 15, 2026

Variation of PCDD/Fs and Their Monomer Components During Low-Temperature Thermal Decomposition (250–500 °C) of Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Fly Ash

Authors: MAO Hui, ZHANG Ying, YU Jianfei, WU Jing, LE Xiaoliang, ZHANG Zongxiang, JU Yongming

This study investigates the variation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and their monomer components during low-temperature thermal decomposition (250–500 °C) of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash from a typical mechanical grate furnace. Results demonstrate that pyrolysis temperature and time significantly affect the solid-phase removal rates of PCDD/F mass concentration and toxic equivalent (TEQ) concentration. The influence weights of temperature on mass and TEQ removal rates are 20.86 and 21.41, respectively, while those of time are 4.27 and 3.36. Response surface analysis identifies optimal conditions at 380 °C for 1.0 h. At 250–300 °C, both PCDFs and PCDDs concentrations increase synchronously, indicating enhanced formation. At 300 °C for 2.0 h, high-chlorinated congeners undergo dechlorination to low-chlorinated ones, notably increasing 2,3,7,8-T4CDD (I-TEF=1.0) and 1,2,3,7,8-P5CDD (I-TEF=0.5). From 350 °C upward, significant degradation occurs; at 380 °C (1.0 h), degradation rates for PCDDs and PCDFs reach 97.8% and 97.6%, respectively, effectively reducing TEQ-contributing congeners. The process proceeds in two stages: initial dechlorination, followed by destruction of dioxin-like compounds at higher temperatures. 2,3,7,8-T4CDD emerges as a critical component for detoxification. These findings provide a scientific basis for optimizing thermal treatment of fly ash to minimize environmental and health risks.

Read Full Research Article→Download Authentic PDF

Variation of PCDD/Fs and Their Monomer Components During Low-Temperature Thermal Decomposition (250–500 °C) of Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Fly Ash

Graphical Abstract

Original ResearchVol. 45, Issue 7 • pp. 100-112DOI: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2026041402• Jan 15, 2026

Interface Diffusion of PFAS in Paddy Soil under Quinolone Antibiotic Input: A Metagenomics-Based Multi-Community Regulation Mechanism

Authors: HUANG Xinlin, BI Wuxia, TU Wenqing, WU Jianyi

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are emerging contaminants ubiquitously distributed in paddy soils. In paddy management, surface water irrigation introduces quinolone antibiotics (QNs) into the soil, potentially altering PFAS interfacial migration via microbial community shifts. This study investigated the soil-water partitioning of PFAS under irrigation with four QNs (norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, ofloxacin) using UHPLC-MS/MS and soil metagenomics. Results showed that QNs input, especially norfloxacin, significantly promoted the release of short-chain PFAS (e.g., PFBA) from soil to overlying water, while long-chain PFAS remained largely retained in soil. Metagenomic analysis revealed that archaeal and viral communities contributed most to PFAS release. Spearman correlations indicated ammonia-oxidizing archaea (Nitrososphaera) positively correlated with PFBA, whereas Bcep22virus negatively correlated with multiple PFAS. Differential gene expression and co-occurrence networks suggested QNs suppressed key functional genes in archaea and viruses (nitrogen metabolism, secretion systems, outer membrane proteins), reshaping interfacial partitioning and enhancing short-chain PFAS mobility, thereby increasing food security risks.

Read Full Research Article→Download Authentic PDF

Interface Diffusion of PFAS in Paddy Soil under Quinolone Antibiotic Input: A Metagenomics-Based Multi-Community Regulation Mechanism

Graphical Abstract

Original ResearchVol. 45, Issue 7 • pp. 100-112DOI: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2026022502• Jan 15, 2026

Impact of Land Use Types on Topsoil Carbon and Nitrogen and Their Spatial Distribution Characteristics in the Karst Area of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau: A Case Study of the Sancha River Basin

Authors: LI Hong, LI Canfeng, SHEN Run, HUANG Chao, CHEN Jianglin, MAO Jianmei, YANG Chaolei

This study investigates the effects of different land use types on topsoil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) contents and their spatial distribution in the lower reaches of the Sancha River Basin, a karst region of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. Grid sampling collected 0–20 cm topsoil from forestland (n=23), cultivated land (n=25), and grassland (n=32). Total C and N were measured. Results showed that topsoil C content followed grassland (40.36±22.92 g·kg−1) > forestland (37.05±12.83 g·kg−1) > cultivated land (34.06±14.57 g·kg−1), while N content followed forestland (2.89±0.76 g·kg−1) > grassland (2.67±1.19 g·kg−1) > cultivated land (2.50±0.65 g·kg−1). One-way ANOVA revealed no significant differences among land use types (P>0.05). Soil C and N were significantly positively correlated across all land uses (r>0.5, P<0.001). Coefficient of variation (CV) indicated grassland had the highest C variability (0.57), while forestland showed the most stable C and N (CV=0.35 and 0.26, respectively). Cultivated land had CVs of 0.43 for C and 0.26 for N. Spatially, forestland exhibited concentrated high C values with significant N heterogeneity; grassland had higher C in southern and eastern areas but scattered distribution, with generally low and variable N; cultivated land showed uniform but lowest C and N. Land use types significantly drive topsoil C and N dynamics through vegetation input, soil disturbance, and management practices, underscoring the importance of rational land use planning for enhancing carbon sink functions and sustainable development in karst watersheds.

Read Full Research Article→Download Authentic PDF

Impact of Land Use Types on Topsoil Carbon and Nitrogen and Their Spatial Distribution Characteristics in the Karst Area of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau: A Case Study of the Sancha River Basin

Graphical Abstract

Original ResearchVol. 45, Issue 7 • pp. 100-112DOI: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2025032006• Jan 15, 2026

Sulfhydryl Functionalized Two-Dimensional Ti3C2Tx MXene for Capture of As(III) in Aqueous Solution

Authors: ZHAO Zhanyi, LIU Jinghua, TAN Feng

A thiol-functionalized Ti3C2Tx (SH-Ti3C2Tx) material was synthesized via chemical bonding of dithiothreitol (DTT) onto Ti3C2Tx MXene for the adsorptive removal of As(III) from water. Characterization by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed a typical two-dimensional layered structure with DTT covalently attached. The adsorption of As(III) on SH-Ti3C2Tx followed the Langmuir isotherm model, indicating monolayer adsorption. At pH 7, the maximum adsorption capacity reached 55.6 mg·g−1, which is 2.8 times higher than that of pristine Ti3C2Tx (20 mg·g−1). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed that As(III) uptake primarily occurred via formation of As–S bonds. To enable continuous treatment, SH-Ti3C2Tx was loaded onto melamine sponge via electrostatic interactions to fabricate a flow-through adsorption column (SH-Ti3C2Tx@MS). This column achieved removal efficiencies of 99.5% for both high (100 mg·L−1) and low (100 μg·L−1) As(III) concentrations, reducing effluent As(III) to below the World Health Organization guideline of 10 μg·L−1. The spent column could be regenerated using 1 mol·L−1 NaOH solution, retaining over 80% of its initial removal efficiency after five consecutive adsorption–desorption cycles. The SH-Ti3C2Tx material demonstrates significant potential for efficient and reusable removal of As(III) from contaminated waters.

Read Full Research Article→Download Authentic PDF

Sulfhydryl Functionalized Two-Dimensional Ti3C2Tx MXene for Capture of As(III) in Aqueous Solution

Graphical Abstract

Original ResearchVol. 45, Issue 7 • pp. 100-112DOI: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2025040401• Jan 15, 2026

Chloride-Induced Dual Electron Regulation on Zero-Valent Iron Surface for Highly Efficient Reductive Removal of Cr(VI)

Authors: HU Chunlei, ZHANG Guangqin, HAO Chenglin, TAO Qingwen, WANG Zhuting, LI Meiqi, ZHANG Lizhi

Conventional zero-valent iron (ZVI) suffers from limited electron transfer due to its dense surface oxide layer. This study introduces a mechanochemical ball-milling strategy incorporating sodium chloride (NaCl) with ZVI to fabricate chloride-modified ZVI (Cl-ZVIbm). Using hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) as a model pollutant, Cl-ZVIbm exhibited a 76.5-fold enhancement in removal kinetics (0.0306 min−1 vs. 0.0004 min−1) compared to ball-milled ZVI (ZVIbm), achieving complete removal of 2 mg·L−1 Cr(VI) within 120 min. Spectroscopic characterization and density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed dual regulation mechanisms: (1) Cl− substitution of surface hydroxyl groups alters coordination environments, enabling Cr(VI) adsorption via a bidentate binuclear configuration with adsorption energy reduced from –0.28 eV to –1.64 eV; (2) The strong electron-withdrawing effect of Cl− drives directional electron migration from the iron core to the surface, increasing surface Fe(II) content by 26.9% (67.5% vs. 53.2%) and facilitating direct electron transfer to reduce 99.5% of Cr(VI) into low-toxicity Cr(III). Notably, chloride leaching during reactions was only 0.0126 mmol·L−1, far below industrial wastewater discharge standards, confirming environmental compatibility. This work provides atomic-scale insights into chloride-mediated electronic modulation on ZVI surfaces, offering novel principles for interfacial engineering of environmental functional materials and a theoretical basis for heavy metal remediation technologies.

Read Full Research Article→Download Authentic PDF

Chloride-Induced Dual Electron Regulation on Zero-Valent Iron Surface for Highly Efficient Reductive Removal of Cr(VI)

Graphical Abstract

Original ResearchVol. 45, Issue 7 • pp. 100-112DOI: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2025031105• Jan 15, 2026

Response Characteristics of Colloid Migration to pH and Ionic Strength and Its Numerical Simulation

Authors: ZHANG Yulong, ZHUANG Wenhua, TAN Bo

Colloids significantly influence contaminant transport in groundwater, yet their behavior under varying hydrochemical conditions remains inadequately characterized. This study employed quartz sand as a surrogate porous medium to investigate colloid transport through column experiments under controlled pH and ionic strength (IS). Breakthrough curves (BTCs) were obtained for a conservative tracer and for colloids under nine combinations of pH (5, 7, 9) and IS (1, 5, 10 mmol·L−1). Hydrus-1D, incorporating a two-site kinetic sorption model, was used to simulate colloid transport and derive key parameters: attachment rate (k1a), detachment rate (k1d), straining rate (k2a), and maximum retained concentration on site 2 (Smax2). Results demonstrated that increasing pH and decreasing IS enhanced colloid mobility. Specifically, at IS = 1 mmol·L−1, normalized peak concentrations (C/C0) were 0.33, 0.40, and 0.72 for pH 5, 7, and 9, respectively. At pH = 7, C/C0 decreased from 0.40 to 0.18 and 0.12 as IS increased from 1 to 5 and 10 mmol·L−1. The fitted transport parameters accurately captured these trends, with R² ≥ 0.95 across all conditions. Mechanistically, higher pH increases negative surface charge and electrostatic repulsion, while higher IS compresses the double layer and reduces repulsion, thereby inhibiting transport. These findings provide quantitative insights for predicting colloid-facilitated contaminant migration in subsurface environments.

Read Full Research Article→Download Authentic PDF

Response Characteristics of Colloid Migration to pH and Ionic Strength and Its Numerical Simulation

Graphical Abstract

Original ResearchVol. 45, Issue 7 • pp. 100-112DOI: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2025032801• Jan 15, 2026

Determination of Neonicotinoid Insecticides and Their Metabolites in Serum and Urine by Liquid-Liquid Extraction Coupled with Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Application to Human Biomonitoring

Authors: JIA Xiangyu, DENG Fenfang, TIAN Hemi, YUAN Jun, PENG Rongfei, PAN Xinhong, LI Juntao, TAN Lei

A highly sensitive and accurate method using liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) coupled with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was developed for simultaneous quantification of nine neonicotinoid insecticides and their metabolites in human urine and serum. Samples underwent enzymatic hydrolysis followed by ethyl acetate extraction, effectively enriching target analytes. Gradient elution and optimized mass spectrometry conditions enabled simultaneous determination. The method exhibited excellent linearity with correlation coefficients >0.999. In urine, limits of detection (LOD) ranged from 0.001 to 0.010 μg·L−1 and limits of quantification (LOQ) from 0.004 to 0.035 μg·L−1. In serum, LODs were 0.0004–0.02 μg·L−1 and LOQs 0.0014–0.07 μg·L−1. Average spiked recoveries were 89.3%–115.0% in urine and 83.0%–115.0% in serum, with relative standard deviations (RSD) of 0.5%–8.0% and 2.5%–9.5%, respectively. Analysis of paired urine and serum samples from 123 Guangzhou residents revealed detection rates of 94.3%–100% for the nine analytes in urine, with clothianidin showing the highest median concentration (1.89 μg·L−1). In serum, detection rates for clothianidin, thiacloprid, acetamiprid, imidacloprid-olefin, and 5-hydroxy-imidacloprid were below 60%, while the remaining four analytes ranged from 74.8% to 99.2%. Urinary concentrations of all nine analytes were significantly higher than serum concentrations (P<0.05). Significant positive correlations between urine and serum concentrations were observed for clothianidin, thiamethoxam, imidacloprid, and N-desmethyl-acetamiprid, with N-desmethyl-acetamiprid showing the strongest correlation. The LLE-UPLC-MS/MS method efficiently and accurately detects neonicotinoids and metabolites in urine and serum, providing a reliable tool for human exposure assessment.

Read Full Research Article→Download Authentic PDF

Determination of Neonicotinoid Insecticides and Their Metabolites in Serum and Urine by Liquid-Liquid Extraction Coupled with Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Application to Human Biomonitoring

Graphical Abstract

Original ResearchVol. 45, Issue 7 • pp. 100-112DOI: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2025032403• Jan 15, 2026

Construction of an Electrochemical Sensor Based on UiO-66-NH2@Polyaniline Composite for Lead Ion Detection

Authors: REN Shufang, WANG Zihan, QUAN Xuebing, LYU Rui, CHEN Yu, WANG Zhonglai

An electrochemical sensor for lead ion (Pb2+) detection was developed based on a metal-organic framework (UiO-66-NH2) and conductive polymer polyaniline (PANI) composite. The UiO-66-NH2 was synthesized via hydrothermal method, and the UiO-66-NH2@PANI composite was prepared by in-situ polymerization. The composite was drop-coated onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) to fabricate the sensor. Material characterization was performed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Electrochemical performance was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Key parameters including loading amount, enrichment time, and pH were optimized. Under optimal conditions, the sensor exhibited a linear response to Pb2+ in the concentration range of 10–200 μg·L−1 with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.9960, and a limit of detection (LOD) of 9.8 μg·L−1. The sensor demonstrated good anti-interference, repeatability, and stability. Practical applicability was assessed by spiked recovery tests in Yellow River water and tap water, yielding recovery rates of 94.1%–100.8% with relative standard deviations (RSD) ≤3.84%. Comparative analysis with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) showed comparable accuracy, confirming the sensor's potential for reliable Pb2+ monitoring in environmental samples.

Read Full Research Article→Download Authentic PDF

Construction of an Electrochemical Sensor Based on UiO-66-NH2@Polyaniline Composite for Lead Ion Detection

Graphical Abstract

Original ResearchVol. 45, Issue 7 • pp. 100-112DOI: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2025040104• Jan 15, 2026

Oxidative Coupling of 2,6-Dichlorophenol in Three Typical Zonal Soils

Authors: QIN Yuanming, LI Lingyun, LI Linghan, LIU Zhangying, PEI Zhiguo, YANG Ruiqiang, LI Yingming, ZHANG Qinghua

The oxidative transformation of 2,6-dichlorophenol (2,6-DCP) was investigated in three typical zonal soils: black soil, red soil, and brown soil. Results demonstrated that 2,6-DCP underwent oxidative coupling in all soils, yielding hydroxylated polychlorinated diphenyl ethers (OH-PCDEs) and hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls (OH-PCBs) as primary products. The highest oxidative efficiency occurred in black soil, with approximately 85.1% of 2,6-DCP transformed within three days. In contrast, red and brown soils exhibited lower efficiencies, indicating a strong dependence on soil properties. Thermodynamic analysis revealed that the oxidative coupling reaction is endothermic, with elevated temperatures favoring reaction progress. Furthermore, soil microorganisms and dissolved oxygen were identified as critical controlling factors, acting synergistically to drive the reaction. This study provides the first evidence of natural oxidative coupling of 2,6-DCP in soil, forming OH-PCDEs and OH-PCBs. These findings offer significant scientific insight into the environmental fate of halogenated phenolic pollutants in terrestrial systems.

Read Full Research Article→Download Authentic PDF

Oxidative Coupling of 2,6-Dichlorophenol in Three Typical Zonal Soils

Graphical Abstract

Original ResearchVol. 45, Issue 7 • pp. 100-112DOI: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2025040705• Jan 15, 2026

Antagonistic Effects of Anthraquinone-2,6-Disulfonic Acid Sodium Salt and Biochar Matrix on Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 Mediated Cr(VI) Reduction

Authors: LIU Lijuan, REN Hao, WANG Xue, ZHU Bingqian, CHENG Chen, ZHANG Peng

Chromium is a common environmental metal pollutant. Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 can generate extracellular electrons, facilitating the reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III), thereby mitigating its toxicity. Both biochar and electroactive dissolved organic matter (e-DOM) regulate extracellular electron transfer during Cr(VI) bioreduction. In practice, surface DOM on biochar can detach and enter the environment, while the biochar matrix (BCM) remains the predominant form and coexists with e-DOM. However, the combined effects of BCM and e-DOM on microbial Cr(VI) removal are unclear. This study investigated the individual and combined impacts of biochar matrix and AQDS (a model e-DOM) on Cr(VI) reduction by S. oneidensis MR-1. Results showed that biochar matrix or AQDS alone promoted Cr(VI) removal, primarily by accelerating electron transfer during the fast reduction phase. However, when both were added, an antagonistic effect was observed, attributed to increased repulsive forces between the biochar matrix-AQDS complex and the bacterial cells, which inhibited electron transfer to Cr(VI). This research elucidates the electrochemical interactions between biochar matrix and e-DOM, providing a theoretical basis for biochar applications in environmental remediation and risk assessment.

Read Full Research Article→Download Authentic PDF

Antagonistic Effects of Anthraquinone-2,6-Disulfonic Acid Sodium Salt and Biochar Matrix on Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 Mediated Cr(VI) Reduction

Graphical Abstract

Original ResearchVol. 45, Issue 7 • pp. 100-112DOI: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2025032601• Jan 15, 2026

Pollution Characteristics and Risk Assessment of Chlorate and Perchlorate in Tea from Anhui Region, China

Authors: WANG Xiuli, XIE Ji'an, YU Xuerong, ZHAO Ziwei, ZHUANG Meihui, DING Gang, LIU Bolin

This study investigated the pollution characteristics of chlorate and perchlorate in tea from Anhui region and assessed the health risks associated with tea consumption. A total of 132 tea samples, including green tea (n=89), black tea (n=30), yellow tea (n=10), and white tea (n=3), were collected from major tea-producing areas. Chlorate and perchlorate levels were quantified using isotope dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Chlorate was detected in 15.9% of samples, with concentrations ranging from not detected to 0.040 mg·kg−1, and no samples exceeded the regulatory limit. Perchlorate was detected in 100% of samples, with concentrations ranging from 0.011 to 1.611 mg·kg−1, and 2.3% of samples exceeded the limit. Pollution characteristics analysis revealed that perchlorate levels were significantly correlated with tea type and geographical origin, with environmental contamination in tea-growing areas being the primary determinant. A significant positive correlation was also observed between chlorate and perchlorate levels. Health risk assessments were conducted for the general tea-consuming population, sub-groups loyal to specific tea types (green and black tea), and sub-groups preferring local tea from high-pollution regions (Lu'an City and central Anhui). Assessments were based on mean and 95th percentile (P95) exposure levels. For chlorate, the maximum hazard quotient (HQ) was 0.003, far below 1, indicating negligible risk. For perchlorate, all HQ values were below 1, regardless of tea type or region, based on both mean and P95 levels, using the Chinese provisional tolerable daily intake (tTDI). However, perchlorate contamination in central Anhui, particularly Lu'an City, warrants continued monitoring due to elevated levels and occasional exceedances.

Read Full Research Article→Download Authentic PDF

Pollution Characteristics and Risk Assessment of Chlorate and Perchlorate in Tea from Anhui Region, China

Graphical Abstract

Original ResearchVol. 45, Issue 7 • pp. 100-112DOI: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2025031202• Jan 15, 2026

Electron Transfer Regulation and Nitrogen Removal Pathways in Constructed Wetland with Manganese Ore and Activated Carbon Coupling Microbial Fuel Cell

Authors: WANG Yifei, ZHAO Donghua, SONG Xinshan

Manganese-rich constructed wetlands (CWs) have emerged as an effective strategy for enhanced nitrogen removal, yet current understanding of their denitrification mechanisms remains limited to speculative interpretations of microbial community structures. This study developed a novel CW-MFC system integrating manganese ore (MO) and activated carbon (AC) substrates with microbial fuel cell (MFC) technology to investigate the manganese-nitrogen coupling biochemical metabolism. It was systematically evaluated the effects of influent organic carbon concentrations on nitrogen removal performance and elucidated the mechanisms of electron transfer and their coupling with nitrogen removal pathways through multi-dimensional analyses, including functional enzymes, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) characterization, intra-/extracellular electron transfer-related gene expression, and electron transport activity. Results showed that the synergistic integration of MO, AC, and MFC configuration significantly enhanced nitrogen removal efficiency, with ammonium removal reaching up to 5.5 times that of the control group. The functional substrates notably upregulated enzyme activities of nitrogen transformation in biofilms while stimulating nitrification and anammox processes at the anode. EPS analysis revealed that Mn2+ derived from manganese reduction was captured by EPS, thereby facilitating the manganese cycling. Concurrently, the increased abundance of electron transport chain (ETC) and extracellular electron transfer (EET) genes, coupled with increased cytochrome C (Cyt-C) concentration and activity, confirmed enhanced EET performance. It indicated that the coordinated EET network among electrodes, microorganisms, MO, and AC serves as critical electron mediators for nitrogen transformation. This study provides mechanistic insights into manganese-carbon coupled CW-MFC systems regarding nutrient removal, biogeochemical cycling, and electron transfer dynamics, advancing fundamental knowledge for the development and application of manganese-rich constructed wetland technology.

Read Full Research Article→Download Authentic PDF

Electron Transfer Regulation and Nitrogen Removal Pathways in Constructed Wetland with Manganese Ore and Activated Carbon Coupling Microbial Fuel Cell

Graphical Abstract

Original ResearchVol. 45, Issue 7 • pp. 100-112DOI: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2025032401• Jan 15, 2026

Research Progress on the Pollution Status of Diazepam in Fishery Water Environment and Its Treatment Technology

Authors: CHEN Xu, HUANG Dongmei, HUANG Xuanyun, SHI Yongfu, XU Yilin, LI Siman, YE Hongli

Diazepam (DZP), a benzodiazepine anxiolytic drug, has been a persistent contaminant in fishery water environments. In China, DZP is classified as a veterinary drug that must not be detected in animal-derived foods, yet it is frequently found in aquatic products, posing significant risks to ecological health and food safety. This review systematically summarizes the current pollution status of DZP in fishery water and its adverse effects on aquatic organisms, emphasizing its persistence in both water and aquatic products. The paper comprehensively examines advances in detection techniques, including gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), as well as treatment technologies such as adsorption, photolysis, chemical oxidation, and biodegradation. Critical gaps remain in the integration of these technologies for practical remediation. The review underscores the urgent need for enhanced monitoring and risk assessment of DZP contamination, alongside the development of more efficient and scalable treatment methods. By consolidating current knowledge, this work provides technical support for aquatic organism protection and fishery water management, and serves as a reference for future research and technological innovation in this field.

Read Full Research Article→Download Authentic PDF

Research Progress on the Pollution Status of Diazepam in Fishery Water Environment and Its Treatment Technology

Graphical Abstract

Original ResearchVol. 45, Issue 7 • pp. 100-112DOI: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2025032704• Jan 15, 2026

Degradation of Chlorogenic Acid by Magnetic Field Coupled Fe-C Activated Persulfate Process

Authors: QU Hui, LU Xian, CHANG Tao, TAO Jun, ZHAO Zhimiao, ZHANG Yinjiang

Chlorogenic acid (CGA), a key component of the anti-COVID drug Lianhua Qingwen, is recalcitrant to biodegradation and tends to bioaccumulate, posing risks to aquatic ecosystems. Conventional water treatment methods are inadequate for its removal. This study investigated the degradation of CGA using a magnetic field coupled Fe-C activated persulfate (MF/Fe-C/PS) advanced oxidation process. The degradation efficiencies of Fe-C, PS, Fe-C/PS, and MF/Fe-C/PS systems were compared, and the dominant reactive species and their contributions were identified. The effects of initial pH, persulfate (PS) concentration, Fe-C dosage, and inorganic anions on degradation kinetics were examined, along with the degradation pathway and disinfection byproduct (DBP) formation potential. Results showed that MF/Fe-C/PS achieved 99% degradation of CGA within 60 min under optimal conditions: pH=3, PS concentration 1.5 mmol·L−1, and Fe-C dosage 0.4 g·L−1. Coexisting Cl−, Br−, and I− inhibited CGA oxidation to varying degrees, as did natural organic matter (FA and BAS). The reactive species SO4−·, ·OH, and 1O2 contributed 41.6%, 30.5%, and 27.9%, respectively. Degradation mechanisms included hydrolysis, dehydroxylation, decarboxylation, and benzene ring cleavage. Pre-oxidation by MF/Fe-C/PS significantly reduced the DBP formation potential during subsequent chlorination/chloramination. Energy per order (EE/O) analysis indicated favorable economic efficiency.

Read Full Research Article→Download Authentic PDF

Degradation of Chlorogenic Acid by Magnetic Field Coupled Fe-C Activated Persulfate Process

Graphical Abstract

Original ResearchVol. 45, Issue 7 • pp. 100-112DOI: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2025031304• Jan 15, 2026

Temporal and Spatial Variation Characteristics of Water Chemistry and Evaluation of Irrigation Suitability in the Qingling River Basin in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River

Authors: TU Chunlin, LI Xuekui, CHEN Qingsong, MA Yiqi, LI Yiying, SHI Yu, CHEN Chao, YIN Linhu

The Qingling River, a representative silicate rock catchment in the upper Yangtze Basin, is vital for agricultural productivity in central Yunnan. To investigate its hydrochemical characteristics, river water samples were systematically collected during both dry and wet seasons. Employing hydrochemical diagrams, statistical analysis, and absolute principal component score-multiple linear regression (APCS-MLR) modeling, we identified influencing factors and their contributions to water chemistry and evaluated irrigation suitability. Results showed that pH ranged from 7.36 to 9.18 in dry season and 7.12 to 8.92 in wet season, with total dissolved solids (TDS) varying between 119–2684 mg·L−1 and 125–2342 mg·L−1, respectively. Dominant cations were Ca2+ and Na+, while anions were primarily SO4^2− and HCO3^− in both seasons; notably, SO4^2− concentrations significantly exceeded the Yangtze River Basin’s average. Hydrochemical types varied seasonally: HCO3·SO4-Ca·Mg and HCO3·SO4-Ca dominated in dry season, whereas HCO3·SO4-Ca·Na, HCO3·SO4-Ca·Mg, and HCO3-Ca prevailed in wet season. The river water was affected by five factors: sulfuric acid-dominated water-rock interactions, carbonic acid-dominated water-rock interactions, domestic sewage discharge, agricultural non-point source pollution, and unknown sources. Contribution rates were 47.90%, 24.80%, 16.98%, 2.40%, and 7.92% in dry season, and 28.23%, 28.94%, 27.48%, 2.02%, and 13.34% in wet season, respectively. Water-rock interactions emerged as the primary control on hydrochemistry. While most samples were suitable for irrigation, a few exhibited high salinity, warranting cautious use. This study provides scientific support for irrigation water resource management and safe utilization in the Qingling River Basin.

Read Full Research Article→Download Authentic PDF

Temporal and Spatial Variation Characteristics of Water Chemistry and Evaluation of Irrigation Suitability in the Qingling River Basin in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River

Graphical Abstract

Original ResearchVol. 45, Issue 7 • pp. 100-112DOI: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2025032504• Jan 15, 2026

Guanidine-Functionalized Covalent Organic Framework for Efficient Adsorption of Diclofenac Sodium: Synthesis, Performance, and Mechanism

Authors: WANG Le, XU Qiaoying, RAN Caicai, FU Wenjie, ZENG Keni, HOU Linli

The environmental persistence and ecotoxicity of diclofenac sodium (DCF), a widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, necessitate efficient removal strategies. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have emerged as promising adsorbents. Here, a novel nanoribbon COF (COF-TFPPy-DGCl) was synthesized via condensation of 1,3,6,8-tetrakis(4-formylphenyl)pyrene and 1,3-diaminoguanidine hydrochloride. The material was characterized by SEM, TGA, FT-IR, and PXRD. Batch adsorption experiments evaluated the effects of pH, contact time, and initial concentration. COF-TFPPy-DGCl exhibited a maximum adsorption capacity of 370 mg·g−1 for DCF, with capacity decreasing as pH increased. Adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-second-order model, and equilibrium data fitted the Langmuir isotherm. Selectivity tests demonstrated a DCF removal rate of 96.75%, significantly higher than for ciprofloxacin and bisphenol A (<20%). The adsorbent retained 80% of its capacity after five regeneration cycles, indicating high stability. Mechanistic studies revealed that adsorption is driven by a synergistic combination of electrostatic interactions (dominant), π-π stacking, and hydrogen bonding, facilitated by uniformly distributed active sites. Rapid equilibrium was achieved within 30 minutes. These findings establish COF-TFPPy-DGCl as a highly selective, stable, and regenerable adsorbent for DCF removal from water, offering a theoretical basis for designing advanced COF-based water treatment materials.

Read Full Research Article→Download Authentic PDF

Guanidine-Functionalized Covalent Organic Framework for Efficient Adsorption of Diclofenac Sodium: Synthesis, Performance, and Mechanism

Graphical Abstract

Original ResearchVol. 45, Issue 7 • pp. 100-112DOI: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2025040701• Jan 15, 2026

Exploring the Impact of Goaf Water on Maize Growth from a Microbial Perspective

Authors: YUE Huifeng, WANG Yilin

Goaf water (GW), formed by water accumulation in coal mine goafs, poses ecological risks due to its pollutant content. While previous studies focused on physicochemical properties, microbial community dynamics and their effects on plants remain underexplored. Maize (Zea mays L.) is sensitive to water quality changes, making it a suitable model for ecological risk assessment. This study investigated GW samples from a coal mine in Yangquan, Shanxi Province, using metagenomic sequencing to analyze microbial communities and maize seed cultivation experiments to evaluate growth effects. Results demonstrated that GW significantly inhibited maize growth, particularly lower-depth samples. Microbial diversity and composition varied markedly with depth; lower-depth GW enriched distinct microbial species potentially influencing plant growth. These microbes may regulate plant development through metabolic pathway modulation. The study elucidates the complex impacts of GW microbial communities on plant growth and emphasizes their importance in ecological risk assessment of GW.

Read Full Research Article→Download Authentic PDF

Exploring the Impact of Goaf Water on Maize Growth from a Microbial Perspective

Graphical Abstract

Original ResearchVol. 45, Issue 7 • pp. 100-112DOI: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2025040102• Jan 15, 2026

Performance and Mechanism of Calcium Peroxide for Fluoride Removal and Site Energy Distribution

Authors: HU Qili, ZHANG Yunhui, WANG Yangshuang, LI Yixi, YANG Xingyue, MA Siting, PEI Qiuming, ZHAO Xijin

Calcium peroxide (CaO2) with a rich porous structure was synthesized via chemical precipitation for efficient fluoride removal from aqueous solutions. The adsorbent was characterized by SEM, BET, LPSA, and XRD, revealing a mesoporous material with a total pore volume of 0.51 cm3·g−1. Batch experiments investigated the effects of adsorbent dosage, initial fluoride concentration, reaction time, pH, and coexisting anions. Adsorption kinetics followed a fractal-like pseudo-first-order model, with intraparticle diffusion as the rate-limiting step. Equilibrium data were well described by the Sips isotherm, predicting a maximum adsorption capacity of 479.8 mg·g−1. Site energy distribution analysis indicated a normal distribution with an average energy of 13.36 kJ·mol−1. Mechanistic studies using FTIR and XPS revealed that fluoride removal proceeds via surface precipitation, ligand exchange, and electrostatic attraction. The high density of active sites contributes to the exceptional defluoridation performance, positioning CaO2 as a promising adsorbent for fluoride-contaminated water treatment.

Read Full Research Article→Download Authentic PDF

Performance and Mechanism of Calcium Peroxide for Fluoride Removal and Site Energy Distribution

Graphical Abstract

Original ResearchVol. 45, Issue 7 • pp. 100-112DOI: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2026030202• Jan 15, 2026

Effects of Reduced Nitrogen Application with Humic Acid Urea on Yield, Nitrogen Utilization, and Carbon Emissions in Double-Cropping Rice

Authors: ZHANG Shuxiao, HUANG Sheng, WANG Qingping, JING Jianyuan, LI Hongying, HE Haitao, WANG Shaojie, LIU Zhiwei, XIA Shaopan, XU Gang, XIONG Qizhong, YE Xinxin

High nitrogen (N) inputs, low N use efficiency, and substantial greenhouse gas emissions constrain sustainable double-cropping rice production in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. To evaluate whether humic acid urea (HAU) can reconcile yield stability with N reduction and carbon mitigation, a field experiment was conducted in a double-cropping rice system. Five treatments were established: conventional urea at the recommended N rate (U), HAU at the recommended N rate (HAU), conventional urea with a 20% reduction in N input (U-20), HAU with a 20% reduction in N input (HAU-20), and a no-N control (CK). Rice yield, N uptake and utilization, and the full life-cycle carbon footprint were quantified. Results showed that HAU significantly increased double-cropping rice yield by 6.46% (early rice) and 8.76% (late rice) compared to U (P < 0.05). HAU-20 maintained yield equivalent to U, while U-20 significantly reduced yield. HAU-20 significantly improved nitrogen fertilizer apparent utilization rate, agronomic efficiency, and partial factor productivity. Specifically, apparent utilization rate increased by 9.24 percentage points (early rice) and 7.80 percentage points (late rice); agronomic efficiency increased by 18.51% and 26.69%, and partial factor productivity by 22.79% and 25.58% for early and late rice, respectively (P < 0.05). Life-cycle carbon footprint was significantly reduced by 26.25% (early rice) and 40.38% (late rice) under HAU-20 compared to U, with per-unit product carbon footprint reduced by 0.22 t CO2-eq·t−1 and 0.86 t CO2-eq·t−1, respectively. The reduction was primarily attributed to decreased CH4 and N2O emissions: early rice CH4 and N2O cumulative emissions decreased by 28.92% and 44.34%, and late rice by 44.46% and 63.85% (P < 0.05). In conclusion, HAU with 20% N reduction sustains yield, enhances N use efficiency, and significantly lowers carbon footprint, offering a viable path for green and low-carbon double-cropping rice production.

Read Full Research Article→Download Authentic PDF

Effects of Reduced Nitrogen Application with Humic Acid Urea on Yield, Nitrogen Utilization, and Carbon Emissions in Double-Cropping Rice

Graphical Abstract

Original ResearchVol. 45, Issue 7 • pp. 100-112DOI: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2025051307• Jan 15, 2026

Chemistry and Ionic Sources of Precipitation in the Changsha Area

Authors: PENG Lei, YU Zhengliang, XIAO Xiong, XU Linya, YANG Han

This study investigates the ionic concentration characteristics and sources of atmospheric precipitation in Changsha, China, based on samples collected from December 2019 to November 2021. The total dissolved solids (TDS) in precipitation ranged from 51.71 to 813.40 μeq·L−1, with a volume-weighted mean (VWM) concentration of 245.58 μeq·L−1. The VWM ionic concentrations followed the order: Ca2+ > SO4^2− > NO3^− > HCO3^− > K+ > Na+ > Cl− > Mg2+. Ca2+ and SO4^2− together accounted for 55.76% of the total ionic mass. Seasonal variation of total ionic concentration was highest in winter and lowest in spring, following the order winter > autumn > summer > spring. Correlation analysis revealed strong positive correlations between SO4^2− and NO3^− (r = 0.78) and between Ca2+ and Mg2+ (r = 0.70), suggesting common sources. Principal component analysis and enrichment factor (EF) analysis indicated that SO4^2− and NO3^− predominantly originated from anthropogenic activities, with contribution rates of 99.5% and 95.4%, respectively, likely from coal combustion and industrial emissions. Ca2+ and K+ were mainly terrestrial, with contribution rates of 99.2% and 98.3%, respectively, from soil and biomass burning. Mg2+ had dual sources: 68.8% terrestrial and 31.2% marine. Cl− exhibited an EFmarine of 0.74 and EFsoil of 50.20, indicating a dominant marine source contributing 98% of its input. These findings provide a scientific basis for understanding regional atmospheric pollution and supporting environmental management strategies.

Read Full Research Article→Download Authentic PDF

Chemistry and Ionic Sources of Precipitation in the Changsha Area

Graphical Abstract

Original ResearchVol. 45, Issue 7 • pp. 100-112DOI: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2025031102• Jan 15, 2026

Rational Design of Laccase Mutants for Enhanced Catalytic Degradation of Benzene-Containing Pollutants: A Computational Insight into Binding Pocket Engineering

Authors: LIN Shuo, LAN Shanhong, LYU Xiaomei, XIE Junlong, WEI Chenzhi, YU Yingxin, HU Junjie

Laccases are promising biocatalysts for environmental remediation, yet their application is hindered by the instability and limited substrate affinity of wild-type enzymes. Here, we report a computational strategy integrating homology modeling, molecular docking, and virtual mutagenesis to engineer high-performance laccase mutants targeting benzene-containing pollutants. Structural analysis revealed that fungal laccase (Trametes versicolor, T.v) exhibited stronger binding affinities for aniline, o-phenylenediamine, and 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HBT) compared to bacterial laccase (Bacillus subtilis, B.s), attributed to optimized hydrophobic and hydrogen-bond interactions within the substrate-binding pocket. Virtual mutagenesis identified critical residues (e.g., Ser113, Leu459) regulating substrate stability. Notably, mutations at Ser113 to Arg/Glu/Leu significantly enhanced binding energy (ΔG ≤ −7.1 kcal·mol−1 for HBT) by narrowing the pocket exit and reinforcing hydrophobic constraints. Mechanistically, polar mutations in the pocket interior promoted hydrogen bonding, while hydrophobic substitutions at peripheral residues restricted substrate dissociation. Our findings establish a dual-region engineering principle—enhancing hydrogen bonds internally and hydrophobicity externally—to optimize laccase activity. This work provides a generalizable framework for the rational design of oxidoreductases in pollutant degradation.

Read Full Research Article→Download Authentic PDF

Rational Design of Laccase Mutants for Enhanced Catalytic Degradation of Benzene-Containing Pollutants: A Computational Insight into Binding Pocket Engineering

Graphical Abstract