• • Approximately 4% of Chinese children have sustained hypertension, with single-time-point screening detection rates of 14%–20%, and up to 19% in obese children, underscoring the urgent need for early environmental risk factor identification.
• • Low-dose bisphenol A exposure (as low as 1 nM) alters human cardiomyocyte functionality and cellular environment, indicating potential direct cardiotoxic effects at environmentally relevant concentrations.
• • Synergistic effects of bisphenol A and its substitutes with latent insulin resistance significantly elevate childhood blood pressure, with effect modification by lipid metabolism, as reported in a 2025 Environment International study.
• • Lead exposure in children is associated with increased blood pressure and altered cardiac function, including changes in Cav1.2 ion channels, as demonstrated in experimental models and epidemiological studies.