• • Regional soil pollution is mild (Nemerow Index Pn=1.65) with low ecological risk (RI=121.17), but construction land shows moderate pollution (Pn=2.37) and medium risk (RI=190.78), indicating a need for targeted remediation in urban-industrial zones.
• • PMF source apportionment identified four sources: natural pedogenic (43.54%), metallogenic (19.88%), agricultural-transportation (24.79%), and industrial (11.93%), with natural sources dominating (63.42%), yet anthropogenic sources drive As, Pb, and Hg accumulation, necessitating source-specific controls.
• • Cd and Hg are the primary ecological risk factors, with Hg enrichment in construction land from industrial sources posing high risk, underscoring the urgency of regulating industrial emissions and land use planning.
• • As concentrations are generally below background levels, indicating no pollution, while Pb exceeds standards but has low ecological risk, highlighting the importance of distinguishing risk levels for effective management.