SCIENCE CHINA Materials•2026•DOI: 10.1007/s40843-026-4488-x
Thermochromic smart windows based on hydrogels suffer from inevitable freezing at subzero temperatures and dehydration at elevated temperatures, severely limiting their year-round applicability. This study reports a hydrogel-derived liquid (HDL) smart window that circumvents these limitations through a solvent-exchange strategy. The HDL is synthesized by polymerizing a hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) network in a water-glycerol binary solvent, followed by complete removal of the water phase via vacuum-assisted evaporation. The resulting anhydrous liquid exhibits a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of 32 °C, with a solar modulation ability (ΔTsol) of 63.2% and a luminous transmittance (Tlum) of 88.1% in the clear state. Critically, the HDL remains optically switchable after 1000 hours at -40 °C and 1000 hours at 80 °C, with no observable phase separation or freezing. The smart window prototype demonstrates a 12.3% reduction in indoor cooling energy consumption in a simulated tropical climate and a 9.8% reduction in heating energy in a cold climate, compared to a commercial low-E glass. The liquid-state formulation enables facile large-area fabrication via roll-to-roll processing, with a demonstrated 30 cm × 30 cm prototype retaining 95% of the initial ΔTsol after 500 bending cycles. This work establishes a viable pathway for all-climate energy-efficient building envelopes.
SCIENCE CHINA Materials•2026•DOI: 10.1007/s40843-026-4468-6
The proliferation of multispectral detection platforms demands materials that simultaneously satisfy electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding and infrared (IR) camouflage without compromising radio-frequency (RF) transmission. Conventional MXene films exhibit exceptional EMI shielding (>40 dB) but suffer from high IR emissivity and severe RF reflection, precluding integration with wave-transmitting arrays. This work introduces liquid metal (LM)-modified MXene composite films engineered via structural patterning to decouple optical, IR, and RF responses. The LM phase, dispersed within the MXene interlayer galleries, reduces free-electron density and tailors the dielectric loss, while a periodic array architecture creates impedance-matched windows for RF transmission. The resulting films achieve an EMI shielding effectiveness of 36 dB at 510 µm thickness, with a low IR emissivity of 0.36 and an RF transmittance exceeding 80% in the X-band. The patterning strategy suppresses surface current continuity, mitigating the trade-off between shielding and transmission. These metrics represent a 20% improvement in IR camouflage and a 15% enhancement in RF transparency relative to pristine MXene films. The composite films also demonstrate mechanical flexibility, retaining 95% of initial conductivity after 1,000 bending cycles. This work establishes a scalable route for multispectral-compatible materials critical for next-generation stealth and communication systems.
SCIENCE CHINA Materials•2026•DOI: 10.1007/s40843-026-4250-0
Shape memory polymer (SMP)-based transfer printing offers a promising route for heterogeneous integration of flexible electronics, yet non-contact release reliability remains a critical bottleneck. This study systematically investigates the influence of pickup heating modes—localized versus global—on the release yield and energy-delivery mechanisms through combined experiments and finite element simulations. The localized heating mode concentrates strain energy at the interface, enabling controlled chip ejection with high yield, whereas global heating dissipates energy, leading to release failure. Quantitative analysis reveals that localized heating achieves a release yield of 100% under optimized conditions, compared to near-zero for global heating. The ejection velocity under localized heating is higher, which may induce chip bouncing on the receiver substrate, affecting transfer accuracy; however, this can be mitigated by adjusting release gap and laser parameters. The findings establish a theoretical framework for energy pathway design, providing guidelines for achieving high-yield, accurate non-contact release in laser-induced transfer printing. This work advances the practical application of SMP-based transfer printing for micro-LED displays and flexible electronics, addressing a key manufacturing bottleneck.
SCIENCE CHINA Materials•2026•DOI: 10.1007/s40843-026-4112-6
Radiostrontium remediation is crucial for ecological protection and sustainable development of nuclear energy. However, efficient removal of 90Sr from complex radioactive liquid waste, especially under acidic conditions, remains challenging due to material instability and intense proton competition. Herein, the rapid and highly selective capture of Sr2+ in neutral and even acidic solutions has been achieved by a layered potassium phosphatoantimonate KSbP2O8 with excellent radiation and thermal stability. Under neutral conditions, it possesses high maximum adsorption capacity (qmSr = 110.25 mg g−1), rapid adsorption kinetics (the removal rate (RSr) of 91.54% within 30 min), and excellent selectivity for Sr2+, and facile regeneration. Particularly, even under acidic conditions (pH 2.0), KSbP2O8 still maintains excellent Sr2+ removal capacity (qmSr = 79.38 mg g−1), fast kinetics, and high selectivity. A mechanism study by multiple characterizations reveals that the efficient Sr2+ removal of KSbP2O8 mainly stems from ion exchange between Sr2+ and interlayer K+ in KSbP2O8, which is attributed to the synergy between the Sb5+-induced Brønsted acidity and the high charge density of the anionic framework. This study demonstrates the exceptional capability of phosphatoantimonates to selectively capture Sr2+ under acidic conditions, highlighting the potential of phosphatoantimonates as effective scavengers for radiostrontium remediation.
SCIENCE CHINA Materials•2026•DOI: 10.1007/s40843-025-3622-0
Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) offer promising solutions for self-powered sensors in the Internet of Things, yet traditional materials suffer from limited mechanical durability, environmental stability, and sensing performance under extreme conditions. This study develops a novel eutectogel composed of a deep eutectic solvent (DES) and a poly(itaconic acid-co-2-hydroxyethyl acrylate) (P(IA-co-HEA)) polymer network. Through careful molecular design and microstructural modification, the eutectogel achieves low hysteresis, excellent resilience (97.8%), high conductivity (48.02 mS m−1), and strong adhesive strength. Benefiting from the low freezing point and low volatility of the DES, the eutectogel retains 75.7% tensile and 69.4% compressive resilience at −40 °C, and shows no significant change in resilience after 24 h storage under −0.1 MPa vacuum. A self-powered TENG pressure sensor incorporating the eutectogel exhibits a fast response time of 16 ms and stable signal output over 16,000 contact-separation cycles. The sensor operates reliably at −60 °C and under vacuum (−0.1 MPa). These attributes make the high-resilience flexible sensor suitable for long-term, reliable pressure monitoring in extreme environments, addressing critical bottlenecks in durability and environmental stability for self-powered sensing technologies.
SCIENCE CHINA Materials•2026•DOI: 10.1007/s40843-025-3637-6
Traditional optical fiber communication encryption methods lack sufficient dynamic adaptability and hardware flexibility, while reconfigurable logic gates can overcome this limitation, thereby significantly improving the flexibility of encryption systems. This study reports a reconfigurable optoelectronic logic gate (OELG) system based on hafnium-zirconium oxide (HZO) ferroelectric thin films. Through ultra-low temperature atomic layer deposition technique, the fabricated HZO thin films demonstrate an exceptional pyroelectric coefficient of 1835.91 μC m−2 K−1 and robust multi-level polarization stability, enabling efficient broadband photon-to-current conversion. By leveraging the pyroelectric effect and tunable polarization states, the OELG device achieves dynamic optical signal modulation and logic processing. The OELG device supports five fundamental logic operations (AND, OR, NAND, NOR, NOT) via electrical bias and polarization control, without requiring hardware modifications. The OELG device demonstrates stable performance over 10^9 cycles with no degradation, meeting practical application requirements. Furthermore, a convolutional neural network (CNN)-integrated image encryption-decryption framework was validated, achieving 95.01% recognition accuracy on decrypted data, while unauthorized decryption attempts resulted in significant feature loss. This study addresses security challenges in optical communication networks by proposing an innovative solution that integrates pyroelectric materials with reconfigurable logic gate technology, offering a new pathway to enhance physical-layer security.
SCIENCE CHINA Materials•2026•DOI: 10.1007/s40843-025-3699-1
Dual-atom (DA) catalysts have exhibited great potential in regulating the catalytic performance of CO2 reduction. However, precise construction of DAs on a support remains challenging. Herein, we report the precise immobilization of M-DAs (M = Ru, Rh, Pt) onto the Zr-oxo cluster of a 2D porphyrinic metal-organic framework (2D-Ni-PCN-222) via a dimetallic complex pre-coordination strategy. The resultant M-DAs/2D-Ni-PCN-222 catalysts were applied to CO2 photoreduction using ammonia borane as the H* donor. Under visible light, the optimal catalyst, Ru-DAs/2D-Ni-PCN-222, exhibited a HCOO− production rate of 35.4 mmol g−1 h−1 with nearly 100% selectivity and a turnover frequency of 691 h−1. Kinetic isotope experiments demonstrated that the coupling rate between H* and CO2 governed the production efficiency of HCOO−. In situ experiments and density functional theory calculations disclosed that Ru-DAs with highly delocalized d electrons could accept photogenerated electrons from 2D-Ni-PCN-222 and inject them into inert CO2 molecules. Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations revealed that adaptive shortening of Ru–O coordination bonds during CO2 adsorption played a crucial role in facilitating deeper activation and the formation of an optimal η3–O,C,O adsorption mode of CO2. This work provides a precise strategy for constructing dual-atom catalysts on MOFs and elucidates the mechanism of CO2 photoreduction, offering insights for the design of efficient photocatalysts.
Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering•2026•DOI: 10.12030/j.cjee.202507032
To mitigate global warming, regional carbon neutrality pathways are critical. Based on the Guangdong Energy Policy Simulator (EPS) model, this study simulates total energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions under baseline, Carbon Neutral 60 (CN60), and Carbon Neutral 50 (CN50) scenarios, and analyzes the emission reduction effects and costs of various energy policies. Results show that by 2060, total energy consumption under CN60 and CN50 decreases by 39% and 44% relative to baseline, respectively. Primary electricity and other energy, natural gas, oil, and coal account for 56%, 26%, 14%, and 4% under CN60, and 60%, 24%, 13%, and 3% under CN50. GHG emissions under CN60 drop to 80×10^6 tCO2e by 2060, an 89% reduction from 2020; under CN50, emissions reach 92 and 55×10^6 tCO2e in 2050 and 2060, respectively, reductions of 87% and 92% from 2020. Policies such as increasing clean electricity share, industrial electrification (hydrogen), increasing green power purchases, building electrification, F-gas reduction, and improving industrial energy efficiency standards show significant reduction effects, with clean electricity share being the primary source. Policies like improving industrial energy efficiency standards, increasing industrial product utilization, and increasing clean energy vehicle market penetration are cost-effective; increasing clean electricity share, green power purchases, building electrification, and F-gas reduction effectively balance reduction effects and costs. Industrial electrification (hydrogen) contributes >5% cumulative reduction but faces economic challenges for full-scale promotion in the short term; industrial carbon capture and storage and electrolytic hydrogen contribute <2% cumulative reduction with high costs. Therefore, Guangdong should prioritize cost-effective policies, promote balanced policies, gradually optimize energy structure, achieve clean electricity, and foster green industrial transformation to achieve carbon neutrality at lower economic cost.
Environmental Chemistry•2026•DOI: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2024122101
Bicarbonate and carbonate ions (HCO3−/CO3^2−) are ubiquitous in wastewater and readily scavenge strong oxidants, leading to the formation of carbonate radicals (CO3·−) in radical-based advanced oxidation processes. This study investigated the influence of HCO3−/CO3^2− on the degradation kinetics of sulfamethazine (SMR) in a UV/TiO2 system. The presence of HCO3−/CO3^2− enhanced the degradation rate of SMR by sixfold compared to UV/TiO2 alone. Radical quenching experiments identified CO3·− as the primary reactive species responsible for the enhanced degradation, with hydroxyl radicals (·OH) also contributing. To quantitatively delineate the roles of reactive species and account for water matrix effects, a kinetic model was constructed using Kintecus software. The model accurately predicted SMR degradation over time and the contributions of individual radicals, demonstrating good predictive capability. Application of the model to real wastewater predicted that CO3·− is the dominant radical responsible for SMR degradation. These findings highlight the critical role of carbonate radicals in UV/TiO2 processes and provide a robust modeling framework for predicting the fate of pharmaceuticals in carbonate-rich waters.
Environmental Chemistry•2026•DOI: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2024120701
Surface waters contain numerous photoactive substances and low molecular weight carboxylic acids (LCAs). Hydroxyl radicals (HO•) can react with LCAs to generate the highly reducing carbon dioxide anion radical (CO2•−). Excited triplet state dissolved organic matter (3DOM*), a common oxidant in surface waters, may also oxidize LCAs to CO2•−, but this pathway remains unexplored. This study simulated sunlight-driven generation of CO2•− via 3DOM* using 4-benzoylbenzoic acid (CBBP) as a 3DOM* precursor and formate (HCOO−) as a model LCA. Metronidazole (MNZ) served as the target pollutant. Comparative degradation experiments in hν, hν/HCOO−, hν/CBBP, and hν/CBBP/HCOO− systems, combined with electron spin resonance spectroscopy and quenching tests, confirmed that CO2•− generated in the hν/CBBP/HCOO− system was the primary reactive species responsible for enhanced MNZ degradation, originating mainly from 3CBBP* oxidizing HCOO−. Under optimized conditions (8 mmol·L−1 HCOO−, 200 μmol·L−1 CBBP, 10 μmol·L−1 MNZ), 98.2% degradation was achieved within 30 min. Degradation efficiency increased with HCOO− concentration and was pH-independent. Cl−, NO3−, CO3^2−, and low concentrations of HCO3− inhibited degradation, while high HCO3− slightly promoted it. Humic acid (HA) inhibited degradation in a concentration-dependent manner. The system also performed well in real water matrices, suggesting potential for treating micropollutants via reductive pathways.
Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology•2026•DOI: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202606009
The escalating volume of municipal solid waste in China necessitates effective disposal strategies. Industrial kiln co-processing offers a promising route, but high-temperature decomposition of chlorinated components releases HCl and Cl2, causing severe equipment corrosion and operational issues. This study investigates the high-temperature dechlorination performance of fly ash and red mud, two abundant industrial solid wastes, as potential dechlorination agents. Using a high-temperature tube furnace system, dechlorination efficiencies were evaluated across 600–900 °C. At 700 °C, fly ash achieved a peak dechlorination efficiency of 93.33%, while red mud reached 88.61%. However, efficiencies declined with further temperature increase, dropping to 65.6% and 58.27% at 900 °C for fly ash and red mud, respectively. To enhance performance at higher temperatures, fly ash was modified via alkali (NaOH) treatment. The modification increased surface roughness and porosity, disrupted Si-O-Si and Si-O-Al networks, and exposed active sites. Consequently, the alkali-modified fly ash exhibited a peak dechlorination efficiency of 94.98% at 800 °C, a 23.08% improvement over unmodified fly ash (71.9%). These findings demonstrate the technical feasibility of utilizing solid wastes as dechlorination agents, offering a dual benefit of waste valorization and cost-effective high-temperature gas purification. The study provides a foundation for scaling up this approach in industrial kiln applications, contributing to sustainable waste management and reduced environmental impact.
SCIENCE CHINA Materials•2026•DOI: 10.1007/s40843-026-4140-9
Metal covalent organic frameworks (MCOFs) are promising photocatalysts for carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR). However, the synthesis of ketimine-linked COFs remains challenging due to the low reactivity of ketones. Here, we report a straightforward strategy to construct diketimine-linked MCOFs via the condensation of acenaphthenequinone (Ace) with 1,3,6,8-tetra(4-aminophenyl)pyrene (TAPPy). The metal-free COF (TACOF-AA) exhibits AA stacking, while the addition of NiCl2·6H2O under identical conditions yields an AB-stacked Ni-based MCOF (Ni-TACOF-AB). The coordinated Ni species serve as active sites for CO2RR and enhance electron-hole separation. Photocatalytic tests demonstrate that Ni-TACOF-AB achieves a CO evolution rate of 11.71 mmol g−1 h−1 with 99.9% selectivity, which is 7.6 times higher than that of TACOF-AA. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that Ni-TACOF-AB lowers the activation energy barrier of the rate-determining step by regulating local charge distribution, facilitating electron transfer to adsorbed CO2. This work provides a novel approach for synthesizing ketimine-based COFs and highlights the importance of interlayer stacking in modulating photocatalytic performance.
Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology•2026•DOI: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202607018
To address the dual challenges of phosphorus resource scarcity and eutrophication control, this study proposed a sustainable waste-treats-waste strategy by preparing red-mud-modified sludge-based biochar (RMSBC) via co-pyrolysis of red mud and sewage sludge. The optimal material (RMSBC800), produced at 800 °C with a red mud-to-sludge mass ratio of 3:1, achieved a maximum phosphorus adsorption capacity of 28.57 mg/g, a 350% enhancement over unmodified biochar (SBC). Characterization (SEM, XRD, EDS, FT-IR, XPS) revealed that red mud modification increased the average pore size from 7.91 nm to 20.33 nm, reduced electronegativity, and raised the pH at point of zero charge (pHpzc) from 2.01 to 3.37. Adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order model, and isotherms fitted the Langmuir model, indicating monolayer chemisorption. The Freundlich parameter 1/n was 0.34, suggesting favorable adsorption. Mechanistic studies identified electrostatic attraction and surface precipitation as dominant, with molecular dynamics simulations confirming the critical role of Fe3O4 over Fe2O3 in adsorbing HPO4^2- due to stronger electrostatic interactions. The material retained 61% of its initial capacity after five regeneration cycles and achieved 83% phosphorus removal from real wastewater. This work demonstrates synergistic valorization of industrial wastes, offering an economically viable solution for phosphorus pollution control and resource recovery.
SCIENCE CHINA Materials•2026•DOI: 10.1007/s40843-025-4006-4
Hydrogels, despite their potential in flexible electronics and wearable sensors, often suffer from inadequate mechanical robustness under sustained loading. This study aims to overcome this limitation by developing a novel nanocomposite hydrogel system through the integration of calcium-polyoxometalate sub-nanometer wires (Ca-POM SNWs) into a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix. Utilizing a H2O/ethylene glycol (EG) binary solvent, the hydrogel achieves uniform dispersion of Ca-POM SNWs, which enhances mechanical properties through dual reinforcement mechanisms: stress dissipation via polymer-mimetic flexibility and crystallinity improvement via hydrophobic ligand-induced chain alignment. The resulting PVA/Ca-POM hydrogel exhibits exceptional performance, including a 2.4-fold increase in fracture stress (0.85 MPa), 3.8-fold toughness enhancement (2.76 MJ m−3), and high ionic conductivity (3.6 S m−1). As a strain sensor, it achieves a gauge factor of 2.56 with rapid response, enabling precise detection of both large joint movements and subtle physiological vibrations. A prototype Morse code communication system further demonstrates its potential in assistive healthcare technologies, facilitating barrier-free, real-time communication between disabled patients and clinicians. This work highlights a breakthrough in inorganic-organic interface compatibility, offering a versatile platform for next-generation wearable technologies and extreme-environment applications. The innovative design principles and multifunctional performance underscore its significance in advancing soft material engineering.
Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology•2026•DOI: 10.1016/S1872-5813(26)60680-9
Low-temperature chemical looping air separation (CLAS) is a promising technology for producing oxygen-enriched gas streams, utilizing the redox properties of solid oxygen carriers to selectively capture and release oxygen from air. Oxygen vacancy formation energy (Eovf) is a key descriptor for evaluating the ease of oxygen release. In this study, the applicable range of Eovf for CLAS oxygen carriers was determined to be <2.3 eV via thermodynamic calculations. A graph neural network (GNN) model, specifically the ALIGNN architecture, was trained to predict Eovf with a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.26 eV on the test set. Using this model, a high-throughput screening of 3,649 compositions of SrxA1−xFeyB1−yO3 perovskites was conducted to identify promising CLAS oxygen carriers. The predictions revealed that doping with Ba and Ca at the A-site and Co at the B-site effectively reduces Eovf. The screening criterion of Eovf < 2.3 eV successfully rediscovered several previously reported low-temperature CLAS oxygen carriers, validating the approach. This work demonstrates that GNN-based Eovf prediction can significantly accelerate the discovery of CLAS materials, with broader implications for other chemical looping applications such as full oxidation and syngas production.
SCIENCE CHINA Materials•2026•DOI: 10.1007/s40843-026-4216-7
Flexible Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) solar cells are promising for lightweight and mechanically pliable photovoltaics, yet their performance is limited by severe non-radiative recombination and residual stress. Here, we report a sealed constant temperature (SCT) annealing strategy that simultaneously optimizes the CZTSSe/CdS heterojunction and alleviates stress. Under uniform mild thermal conditions (85°C, 5 h), SCT annealing promotes gradient diffusion of Cd2+ into the absorber, partially substituting Zn2+, which optimizes band alignment, passivates interface defects, and suppresses near-interface CuZn defects. This reduces open-circuit voltage loss and improves fill factor. The flexible device achieves a power conversion efficiency of 13.07%, a significant improvement over the reference (12.1%). The SCT strategy also enhances mechanical flexibility by reducing residual stress. Our findings provide a controllable route to advance both efficiency and flexibility of flexible CZTSSe solar cells.
SCIENCE CHINA Materials•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s40843-025-3403-x
The adsorption of rare earth elements (REEs) from wastewater is vital for environmental protection and resource utilization. Adsorbents with magnetic properties are easy to separate but incorporating magnetic particles can reduce adsorption capacity by decreasing the surface area or blocking active sites. Herein, an efficient magnetic adsorbent (i.e., Fe3O4@PDAPEI), consisting of an Fe3O4 core, a polydopamine (PDA) intermediate layer and a polyethylenimine (PEI) outer layer, was designed to extract Gd3+, Nd3+, Ho3+, and Y3+ from low-concentration solutions with adsorption capacities of 168.3, 168.5, 179.7, and 180.3 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption capacities exceed those of most reported magnetic REE adsorbents in the literature. The adsorption behavior could be fitted to the pseudo-second-order model, intraparticle diffusion model, and Langmuir model. Fe3O4@PDAPEI exhibited good reusability, with the adsorption capacity remaining above 90% of the initial value after five reuse cycles. In addition, despite the presence of competing ions (i.e., Na+, Mg2+, and Al3+) in model wastewater, the adsorption capacity could be maintained above 100 mg/g for all four REEs. The adsorption mechanism was investigated via density functional theory calculations, zeta potential measurements, and surface force measurements via atomic force microscopy. REEs could adsorb on Fe3O4@PDAPEI through binding to primary amines and electrostatic interactions. This work presents a highly efficient magnetic adsorbent and evaluates the underlying interaction mechanism from both theoretical and experimental perspectives, shedding light on facile and efficient REE recovery in various engineering processes.
SCIENCE CHINA Materials•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s40843-025-3484-6
The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) of gliomas renders conventional therapies suboptimal, and aberrant energy metabolism orchestrates tumorigenesis and immune evasion. This work constructs a biodegradable nano-modulator (ZIF-90@MnO2@GPNA, ZMG) based on ZIF-90 decorated with MnO2 and loaded with the glutamine transport antagonist L-γ-glutamyl-p-nitroanilide (GPNA) for glioma therapy via multi-pathway inhibition of energy metabolism and TME reshaping. Hyaluronic acid (HA) and lactoferrin (Lf) are functionalized on the surface (ZMGH-Lf) to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and target gliomas. ZMGH-Lf biodegrades in response to TME stimulation, releasing Mn2+ that catalyzes H2O2 to ·OH, inducing mitochondrial dysfunction. It inhibits glycolysis by alleviating hypoxia and reducing NAD+ expression, while GPNA blocks compensatory glutamine uptake. This strategy achieves multi-pathway disruption of glioma metabolism, relieves immune resistance, and improves the immune TME. Findings demonstrate that ZMGH-Lf effectively inhibits gliomas through multi-way manipulation of energy metabolism and immunotherapy, providing a new strategy for glioma treatment.
SCIENCE CHINA Materials•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s40843-025-3576-6
Emulating biological synaptic plasticity is essential for advancing artificial intelligence. However, in most existing synaptic phototransistors to date, both electrical and optical stimuli induce weight modulation within a comparable dynamic range, limiting plasticity tunability and richness. Here, we report a synaptic phototransistor that enables distinct weight modulation in response to electrical and optical inputs, achieving hierarchical, multi-scale plasticity with concurrent visible-light emission for direct display. The device integrates a long-afterglow material that converts transient ultraviolet (UV) excitation into persistent visible emission, serving as a temporally extended, memory-like optical stimulus. Compared to direct electrical gating, this delayed optical activation of the optoelectronic channel induces weight modulation on a significantly longer timescale, enabling hierarchical plasticity and cascade interactions between optical and electrical pathways. The dual-output architecture allows simultaneous optical visualization and electrical signal processing, effectively integrating optical perception with in-sensor computation. Leveraging this design, we demonstrate a UV-resolvable neural network capable of direct image display and achieving a recognition accuracy of 95.03% for handwritten digits. This work establishes a new paradigm for multimodal neuromorphic systems by seamlessly integrating sensing, display, and computation within a unified in-sensor architecture.