Environmental Chemistry•2026•DOI: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2025010604
Groundwater is a vital component of Beijing's water supply, yet elevated sulfide concentrations restrict its utilization. This study employed principal component analysis (PCA) and absolute principal component-multiple linear regression (APCS-MLR) to apportion sulfide sources and quantify their contributions in the middle and lower reaches of the Chaobai-Wenyu alluvial-proluvial fan. Sulfur and oxygen isotopes (δ34S and δ18O) were used to identify sulfate sources and discern anthropogenic versus natural influences. Results showed that high-sulfide groundwater predominantly occurred in Na-type water, with sulfide accumulation from desulphidation widespread, particularly in Shunyi and within the first, second, and third aquifers, independent of wet/dry seasons. Isotopic analysis indicated sulfate mainly originated from evaporite dissolution, and sulfides from desulphidation were of geological background origin. PCA extracted four principal components: leaching-enrichment (F1), natural dissolution of iron-manganese oxides (F2), water desulphidation (F3), and CaF2 dissolution equilibrium (F4). F3 exhibited the highest factor loading for sulfide (0.418), while other components had small negative loadings. APCS-MLR revealed F3 contributed 21.32% of sulfide, while indigenous sources (e.g., acid-volatile sulfide dissolution, elemental sulfur disproportionation, geothermal activity, well casing materials) contributed 63.66%. Overall, sulfide in the study area is a geological background factor, with limited anthropogenic influence.
Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering•2026•DOI: 10.12030/j.cjee.202509093
Amid intensifying global warming, carbon emission reduction and carbon dioxide removal (CDR) have become central to climate governance. In March 2023, the European Commission proposed the Green Claims Directive (GCD) to combat greenwashing and enhance the reliability, comparability, and verifiability of environmental claims. The GCD, together with the Empowering Consumers for the Green Transition Directive, the Carbon Removal Certification Framework, and the European Sustainability Reporting Standards, forms a policy cluster supporting the EU's green transition and CDR deployment. China, as a major greenhouse gas emitter, has made progress in renewable energy and national carbon market construction, yet its total emissions remain high, CDR technologies are nascent, and CCUS deployment is economically oriented, mainly in enhanced oil recovery. This study systematically reviews the legislative background, core objectives, and synergistic logic of the GCD and related policies, focusing on requirements for CDR certification, third-party verification, and carbon credit regulation. It compares Chinese and EU carbon markets in coverage, allowance allocation, and MRV systems. The analysis indicates that EU experience in policy integration, technical standardization, and market maturity can inform China's policy framework, technology pathways, and market efficiency, supporting large-scale CDR and the 'dual carbon' goals.
Environmental Chemistry•2026•DOI: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2025021902
Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) ultrafiltration membranes are widely used in water treatment, yet their anti-fouling performance remains a challenge. In this work, PAN was first reacted with sodium azide via click chemistry to synthesize 1,2,3,4-tetrazolium polyacrylonitrile (PAN-N). Subsequently, PAN-N was reacted with iodoacetamide (IAM), 2-iodoethanol (IH), iodoacetic acid (IA), and chlorosulfonic acid (CSA) to introduce hydrophilic groups, and anti-fouling PAN ultrafiltration membranes were fabricated via phase inversion. The membranes were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and contact angle measurements. Results showed that the PAN-N membrane exhibited superior performance to pristine PAN, with water flux increasing from 0.9233 to 1.232 L·(m2·h·kPa)−1 and bovine serum albumin (BSA) rejection from 69.23% to 82.4%. Hydrophilic modification further enhanced performance; the PAN-N-IA membrane achieved the highest water flux of 1.7347 L·(m2·h·kPa)−1 and rejection of 93.57%. Anti-fouling tests revealed that modified membranes followed the order: PAN-N-CSA > PAN-N-IA > PAN-N-IH > PAN-N-IAM > PAN-N > PAN. PAN-N-CSA and PAN-N-IA showed comparable anti-fouling performance, with total fouling indices of 56.1% and 58.47%, reversible fouling indices of 47.17% and 46.97%, and irreversible fouling indices of 8.97% and 11.47%, respectively. This work demonstrates that PAN-N-IA membranes combine high flux, high rejection, and excellent anti-fouling properties, making them promising for water treatment applications.
Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering•2026•DOI: 10.12030/j.cjee.202505106
Open-pit coal mining causes severe soil nutrient depletion, limiting vegetation restoration. This study, conducted in the Baiyinhua No.2 mining area (Inner Mongolia), evaluated the effects of different fertilization strategies on soil nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) availability and microbial community responses. A field experiment was established in May 2023 with five treatments: low (L), medium (M), and high (H) phosphorus inorganic fertilizers, green manure (GM), and a microbial fertilizer (MF) containing nitrogen-fixing and rhizobia bacteria, compared to a control (CK). Results showed that MF significantly increased total carbon (TC) from 8.47 to 10.17 g·kg⁻¹ and total nitrogen (TN) from 0.37 to 0.56 g·kg⁻¹, while H significantly increased available phosphorus (AP) from 9.78 to 26.28 mg·kg⁻¹. Both treatments significantly altered fungal community structure, with increased relative abundances of Gibberella and Alternaria. The study concludes that MF and H improve soil nutrient availability by modulating fungal communities, with MF offering a sustainable biological approach for mine reclamation. These findings provide targeted fertilization strategies for restoring degraded mining soils and advancing green mining practices.
Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering•2026•DOI: 10.12030/j.cjee.202503016
Open-pit coal mining severely damages soil and plant community structure and function, causing soil nutrient loss and ecological degradation. Vegetation reconstruction is a key measure for restoring degraded mining ecosystems, with the core challenge being the selection of suitable plant species and optimization of plant configurations. This study focused on the degraded ecosystem of the Baiyinhua open-pit mine in Inner Mongolia, screening native plant species for vegetation reconstruction experiments to investigate early-stage changes in soil nutrient availability and the underlying microbial mechanisms. Results showed that soil physicochemical properties and fungal community diversity exhibited strong adaptability during early reconstruction. However, soil fungal community composition and the relative abundance of saprotrophic fungi differed significantly among plant configurations. Leymus chinensis significantly increased the proportion of soil saprotrophic fungi from 67.28% in the control to 81.63%, while reducing the relative proportion of pathogenic fungi from 15.63% to 4.33%, demonstrating its potential to enhance soil health. Medicago rivularis improved soil microbial community composition and increased soil available phosphorus content, highlighting its capacity as an excellent pioneer species for optimizing soil nutrient availability. Furthermore, mixed sowing of grasses and legumes showed potential to enhance the nitrogen-fixing effect of legumes. Given the significant positive correlation between soil fungal community composition and total nitrogen and available nitrogen, the effects of different plant configurations on soil nutrient availability and biological health likely stem largely from the regulation of soil fungal community composition. In conclusion, achieving the goal of selecting optimal plant configurations still requires long-term continuous observation and analysis, particularly for optimizing configurations between high-quality grasses like Leymus chinensis and legumes.
Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering•2026•DOI: 10.12030/j.cjee.202512014
Mining activities cause severe soil degradation and microbial diversity loss, impeding ecological restoration. This study evaluated the effects of a novel soil amendment, microporous bio-gravel (MBG), on bacterial and fungal community structure and function in degraded soil from the Baiyinhua open-pit mine, Inner Mongolia. A pot experiment with four MBG-to-soil volume ratios (CK, L=1:3, M=1:2, H=1:1) was conducted, with a simplified plant community and uniform fertilization. After 180 days, soil samples were analyzed via high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics. Results showed that the medium ratio (M) significantly increased fungal Shannon index and evenness, while the high ratio (H) negatively affected bacterial communities. At phylum and genus levels, MBG promoted enrichment of Cyanobacteria and specific functional groups (e.g., nitrogen-fixing bacteria, Bacillus). Co-occurrence network analysis revealed peak complexity, modularity, and average degree in bacterial and fungal networks under the M treatment. Functional prediction indicated significant enrichment of pathways related to lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, nitrotoluene degradation, and plant-pathogen interactions, alongside increased abundance of saprotrophic and ectomycorrhizal fungi. Mantel and VPA analyses showed that MBG indirectly regulated microbial community structure by improving soil physicochemical properties and plant traits, with stronger effects on fungi than bacteria. In conclusion, MBG optimizes the soil microhabitat and plant-soil-microbe interactions, modulating microbial diversity, network complexity, and functional potential. The medium ratio (1:2) was most effective, demonstrating potential for ecological restoration of degraded mine soils.
SCIENCE CHINA Materials•2026•DOI: 10.1007/s40843-025-4097-3
The on-demand patterning of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) with tailored edges is critical for electronic and optoelectronic applications but remains technically challenging. Here, we report a stress-guided anisotropic etching strategy for producing large-area, well-ordered MoS2 nanostructures, including nano-ribbons and nano-squares, without templates. By applying uniaxial cumulative stress followed by selective thermal etching, MoS2 monolayers are statistically etched into ribbon-like structures whose width inversely correlates with applied stress magnitude. The newly etched edges are macroscopically straight or serrated, predominantly Mo-zigzag terminated, and enhance photoluminescence by a factor of ~8.0. The edge type depends on the angle between stress direction and crystallographic orientation, corroborated by theoretical calculations. Biaxial stressing generates well-defined nano-squares, offering a scalable, versatile patterning route for engineering 2D materials with tailored functional edges, promising for electrocatalytic and optoelectronic applications.
SCIENCE CHINA Materials•2026•DOI: 10.1007/s40843-025-4086-4
Interventional therapy has emerged as a transformative alternative to open surgery owing to its minimal invasiveness and fast recovery. However, it still presents risks of iatrogenic injury from vascular access, necessitating prompt and reliable vascular closure. Although various closure systems have been developed, they often suffer from complicated deployment procedures, potential for loosening, and risk of device migration. Herein, we develop a smart self-deployable vascular closure device enabled by a semi-interpenetrating network (sIPN) that synergistically integrates a programmable shape memory effect and robust tissue adhesion. The sIPN was designed by interpenetrating flexible, dopamine-functionalized poly(tetrahydrofuran) (PTD) chains into a photo-crosslinkable poly(ε-caprolactone)-based copolymer (PCC) network. The vascular closure model was fabricated via a UV-assisted fused deposition modeling printing strategy, significantly reducing mechanical anisotropy while facilitating structural customization. The resulting device exhibits autonomous self-deployment at 37 °C, along with reliable tissue adhesion under physiological conditions (maximum shear strength of 150.5 kPa). In vitro, the material demonstrates exceptional hemocompatibility (below 3%) and excellently enhanced cell migration (up to 38.9%). In vivo, immunofluorescence analysis reveals a promotion for CD31 (162.18%) and αSMA (154.93%) compared to the control group. These results highlight the PTD/PCC sIPN as a bioadaptive, multifunctional material platform for intelligent vascular closure, offering great promise for clinical translation in interventional therapies.