• • Leymus chinensis increased soil saprotrophic fungal proportion from 67.28% (control) to 81.63% and reduced pathogenic fungi from 15.63% to 4.33%, indicating a dual benefit for soil health and disease suppression in degraded mining soils.
• • Medicago rivularis significantly enhanced soil available phosphorus content and improved microbial community composition, positioning it as a high-efficiency pioneer legume for nutrient-poor substrates.
• • Mixed sowing of grasses and legumes (禾本科:豆科:菊科 = 8:4:1) demonstrated potential to amplify legume nitrogen fixation, a critical mechanism for accelerating soil organic matter accumulation in post-mining landscapes.
• • Soil fungal community composition showed a significant positive correlation with total nitrogen and available nitrogen, implying that plant-driven fungal community shifts are a primary regulator of nutrient cycling during early ecological restoration.