SCIENCE CHINA Materials•2026•DOI: 10.1007/s40843-025-3665-2
Immuno-phototherapy faces a critical bottleneck: achieving high singlet oxygen (1O2) quantum yield and efficient photothermal conversion simultaneously under a single near-infrared (NIR) laser. Here, we report an acceptor-donor-acceptor (A-D-A) structured molecule, 3,9-bis(2-methylene-((3-(1,1-dicyanomethylene)-6/7-methyl)-indanone))-5,5,11,11-tetrakis(4-hexylphenyl)-dithieno[2,3-d:2',3'-d']-s-indaceno[1,2-b:5,6-b']-dithiophene (m-ITIC), formulated into nanoparticles (NPs) via self-assembly with DSPE-PEG-NH2. The NPs exhibit strong NIR absorption and fluorescence at 688 and 768 nm, respectively. Under single-laser irradiation, they generate heat, superoxide anion (O2•−), and 1O2, with a 1O2 quantum yield of 56.8% and photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE) of 27.4%. This enables NIR fluorescence imaging-guided synergistic photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT). Notably, the nanoplatform induces PANoptosis—a coordinated cell death program integrating pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis—in tumor cells, amplifying immunogenic cell death (ICD). This triggers robust dendritic cell activation, macrophage polarization toward M1 phenotype, elevated CD8+ T cell infiltration, and suppression of immunosuppressive Treg cells, leading to significant tumor growth inhibition and prevention of lung metastasis in vivo. Therapeutic efficacy was validated in patient-derived tumor organoids, underscoring translational potential. This study presents a novel single-laser-activated nanoplatform that simultaneously mediates efficient photothermal and photodynamic effects and induces PANoptosis-driven ICD for synergistic cancer immunotherapy.
Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology•2026•DOI: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202608007
The Minjiang River Basin, subjected to combined pollution from domestic, agricultural, and industrial sources, has become a typical sensitive area for studying the environmental behavior of emerging contaminants such as antibiotics. This study conducted a cross-year comparative analysis of the composition and concentrations of antibiotics in water samples from nine sampling sites during the dry season in November 2022 and 2024. The findings revealed: 1) After the implementation of the "National Action Plan for Reducing Antimicrobial Use in Livestock", the detection concentrations of tetracycline antibiotics (TCs) decreased (e.g., doxycycline concentrations dropped from 7.75 ng/L to undetectable levels), and the mixed risk quotient (MRQ) across the entire basin transitioned from medium to low risk. However, lincomycin (up to 4.6 ng/L), clarithromycin (1.3 ng/L), and florfenicol (0.6 ng/L) have emerged, indicating an increasing hidden ecological risk from substitution. 2) High-concentration antibiotic zones transferred from urban residential areas in 2022 to intensive aquaculture zones and upstream reservoir areas in 2024. The reduction in dry-season water flow intensified pollutant accumulation, synergistically enhancing the effects of tidal drag. Additionally, the conversion of agricultural land to aquaculture ponds led to increased use of alternative drugs (e.g., sulfamethazine), while policy interventions mitigated the exacerbation of urban antibiotic pollution by construction land. This study elucidates the migration patterns of antibiotic pollution under the synergistic effects of policy regulation and natural processes, emphasizing the need to address hidden risks of substitute drugs and the driving role of land-use changes, providing scientific basis for watershed-scale risk assessment and precise management of emerging pollutants.
SCIENCE CHINA Materials•2026•DOI: 10.1007/s40843-025-4058-4
Bacterial infection following endometrial injury delays tissue regeneration and may progress to endometritis and other reproductive disorders. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) offers a promising antibacterial strategy in the post-antibiotic era, yet its efficacy is often limited by rapid recombination of photogenerated charge carriers and poor penetration of visible excitation light. Here, we report a previously unexplored upconversion-mediated, Type I dominant photodynamic antibacterial uterine scaffold specifically designed for infection-associated endometrial injury. The core innovation is the construction of a Schottky Ag0-Ag2S heterojunction on NaYF4:Yb,Tm nanoparticles using ZIF-8 as a sacrificial precursor, enabling efficient charge separation and oxygen-independent hydroxyl radical generation, overcoming the oxygen dependence of conventional Type II PDT under hypoxic uterine conditions. The upconversion core permits deep-tissue-penetrable near-infrared (NIR) activation. Beyond instantaneous PDT, dynamic release of Ag+ ions provides synergistic bactericidal activity, enabling spatiotemporally coordinated biofilm disruption. These nanostructures were incorporated into patient-customizable, biodegradable poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) scaffolds fabricated by selective laser sintering, achieving simultaneous antibacterial therapy and endometrial regeneration in a single platform. This integration of an oxygen-independent PDT mechanism, MOF-templated heterojunction engineering, and 3D printed personalized uterine implants constitutes a comprehensive therapeutic strategy not previously reported for treating infection and endometrial injury.
SCIENCE CHINA Materials•2026•DOI: 10.1007/s40843-026-4137-3
Metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are promising as high-efficiency, low-cost photovoltaics; however, their efficiency and stability are often compromised by high defect densities at grain boundaries and interfaces. To mitigate these issues, long-chain ammonium salts are introduced to the surface of three-dimensional (3D) perovskites to construct 2D/3D heterostructures, enabling effective chemical and field-effect passivation. Previous studies have mainly integrated 2D/3D heterostructures into the perovskite bulk or at its upper surface to improve device performance. Nevertheless, 2D/3D perovskite engineering at the buried interface remains challenging, because the pre-deposited 2D perovskite layer would be dissolved during subsequent 3D perovskite processing, while 2D perovskites introduced as additives are also difficult to selectively assemble at the buried interface. Moreover, achieving controllable 2D/3D perovskite heterojunction at the buried interface with well-defined dimensionality, orientation, and energy-level alignment has become a key challenge, and related studies remain scarce. Previous ligand-based methods for constructing buried 2D/3D heterojunctions suffer from weak interfacial interactions, leading to undesirable ligand diffusion into the 3D perovskite bulk and non-uniform distribution at the interface. Recently, Jen et al. constructed localized 2D/3D perovskite heterojunctions at the buried interface by leveraging the Lewis acid-base interaction between the –NH3+ group of the oleylammonium iodide (OAmI) ligand and a sulfur-functionalized self-assembled monolayer (SAM). The rationally designed SAMs featuring Lewis-basic sulfur atoms (CbzBT-B) are able to anchor the ligands and thereby facilitate the growth of localized 2D perovskite phases. Besides, De Wolf et al. added 4-hydroxybenzylamine (HBzA) into the 2PACz solution, where an acid-base reaction between the HBzA amine and the phosphonic acid group (–PO(OH)2) of 2PACz forms a robust ionic bond. This interaction improves HBzA anchoring on the ITO surface and facilitates the formation of a 2D/3D heterojunction at the buried perovskite interface. However, the intrinsic packing density and uniformity of SAMs limit ligand anchoring and the subsequent growth of 2D perovskites. Therefore, achieving a well-defined buried 2D/3D heterojunction requires tightly confining ligands to the charge-selective contact, particularly for scalable PSCs. In the recent work by Wang et al., an in situ solid-state ligand-exchange strategy is proposed to form a 2D perovskite layer exclusively at the SnO2/perovskite interface, without introducing undesired 2D-phase contamination into the 3D perovskite bulk. Owing to the binding affinity between the –SH and SnO2, thioglycolic acid (TGA) is first introduced during the synthesis of SnO2 nanoparticles to obtain TGA-capped SnO2 nanoparticles, thereby enhancing the adhesion of alkylamine molecules on the SnO2 surface. Subsequently, various alkylamines were anchored onto the SnO2-TGA nanoparticles via an acid-base reaction between the –NH2 and –COOH groups. Therefore, OAm is immobilized on the SnO2 surface through ionic bonding with TGA. During the subsequent thermal annealing of perovskite, ion exchange occurs between OAm-TGA and FAI, leading to the formation of 2D/3D perovskite heterojunctions. In situ photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy is employed to elucidate the crystallization kinetics of perovskite films on the SnO2-TGA-OAm substrate. At the initial stage of ethyl acetate antisolvent dripping, both the control and target samples exhibit a rapid increase in PL intensity. In the subsequent period, however, the target sample undergoes a prolonged stage of continuous PL increase, whereas the control shows persistent PL decay, indicating that the SnO2-TGA-OAm substrate effectively modulates the crystallization process, promoting the formation of high-quality perovskite films with reduced defects.