Heterojunction-Enhanced Photodynamic Uterine Scaffold Mediated by Upconversion for Treating Infectious Injuries

• • Schottky Ag0-Ag2S heterojunction on NaYF4:Yb,Tm enables Type I PDT with oxygen-independent hydroxyl radical generation, overcoming hypoxia limitations in uterine tissue; this shifts the therapeutic mechanism from oxygen-dependent Type II to robust Type I, ensuring bactericidal efficacy even in low-oxygen environments. • • Upconversion core allows NIR (near-infrared) activation, achieving deep tissue penetration beyond the ~1 mm limit of visible light, enabling non-invasive treatment of deep endometrial injuries; this addresses a critical bottleneck in clinical PDT. • • Dynamic release of Ag+ ions from the heterojunction provides synergistic bactericidal activity, complementing ROS action and disrupting biofilms; this dual-action approach reduces the risk of antibiotic resistance and enhances long-term antibacterial efficacy. • • PLLA scaffolds fabricated by selective laser sintering (SLS) are biodegradable and patient-customizable, eliminating the need for secondary removal surgery and promoting endometrial regeneration; this integrates structural support with therapeutic function, reducing patient trauma and infection risk.