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Whole-Process Management and Intelligent Monitoring System for VOCs Emissions in Rubber Paste Preparation Workshops: Design, Implementation, and Field Validation

Graphical AbstractVerified

Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology2026

Whole-Process Management and Intelligent Monitoring System for VOCs Emissions in Rubber Paste Preparation Workshops: Design, Implementation, and Field Validation

Industrial volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emissions are a major contributor to regional air pollution, and the rubber paste preparation process is a significant source. This study developed an intelligent monitoring system for whole-process VOCs management in a rubber paste preparation workshop, integrating software engineering and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies. The system architecture combines a hybrid database (MySQL relational and InfluxDB time-series), MQTT-based low-power wide-area communication, role-based access control, and containerized microservices. Field deployment at a large rubber enterprise enabled real-time monitoring of adsorption/desorption centrifugal fans and data fusion analysis. Under typical operating conditions, the extraction and ventilation systems achieved volume flow rates of 40,000 m³/h and 30,000 m³/h, respectively, maintaining a continuous micro-negative pressure environment that effectively suppressed fugitive emissions. The purification process, comprising zeolite rotor adsorption and regenerative thermal catalytic oxidation, reduced non-methane hydrocarbon (NMHC) concentrations to below 10 mg/m³, meeting the GB 27632—2011 emission standard. The system's multi-level permission management module precisely allocated operational responsibilities across production, environmental, and management roles, reducing response time to abnormal conditions. An online evaluation model for purification efficiency was constructed based on the actual process. The system demonstrates potential for extension to other high-VOCs industries such as coatings and printing. This research provides theoretical and practical references for applying computer technology to VOCs reduction and whole-process management in typical industries.

Read Full Abstract10.13205/j.hjgc.202606002

Machine Learning-Driven Development of Membrane Materials for Optimized Lithium Recovery Performance

Graphical AbstractVerified

Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology2026

Machine Learning-Driven Development of Membrane Materials for Optimized Lithium Recovery Performance

Membrane separation technology, offering high separation efficiency, low energy consumption, and operational flexibility, is promising for lithium recovery. However, selective lithium extraction from complex matrices such as salt lake brines and battery leachates remains challenging. Traditional membrane development relies on empirical trial-and-error, suffering from low efficiency and the permeability-selectivity trade-off. This review systematically delineates machine learning (ML)-based frameworks for membrane material development, including high-throughput rational screening, inverse design of synthesis protocols, and high-fidelity performance prediction. We elucidate how advanced ML algorithms decipher structure-activity relationships at the molecular level, enabling breakthroughs in performance ceilings and guiding bottom-up fabrication of next-generation membranes. Critical challenges are assessed: scarcity of high-quality standardized datasets, limited model interpretability, and poor generalizability to industrial scales. Future directions emphasize physics-informed hybrid models, open-source global databases, and full-process system optimization to bridge laboratory innovation and industrial deployment.

Read Full Abstract10.13205/j.hjgc.202606003

Pollution Status of River and Lake Sediments and Research Progress in In-situ Remediation Technologies

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Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology2026

Pollution Status of River and Lake Sediments and Research Progress in In-situ Remediation Technologies

River and lake sediments, as both sources and sinks of water pollutants, significantly impact overlying water quality and aquatic ecosystems. In pollution treatment and ecological restoration, managing contaminated sediments is critical. Remediation technologies are categorized into ex-situ and in-situ methods; in-situ techniques have gained prominence due to lower costs and minimal environmental disturbance. This review summarizes sediment pollution status, comprehensively examines physical, chemical, biological, and combined in-situ remediation technologies, and discusses their mechanisms, applications, and future research needs. It proposes optimization strategies for emerging technologies, material improvements, and pathways for sustainable development, emphasizing interdisciplinary integration to enhance remediation efficacy. Key pollutants include heavy metals (e.g., Cd, Hg), persistent organic pollutants (POPs), and emerging contaminants like antibiotics and microplastics. In-situ methods such as capping, chemical oxidation, and bioremediation show promise but face challenges in long-term stability and scalability. The paper underscores the need for sustainable, cost-effective solutions and highlights recent advances in combined technologies, offering a reference for future research and engineering applications.

Read Full Abstract10.13205/j.hjgc.202606012

Resource Recovery of Corn Stover in Water Treatment: Nitrate Removal from Simulated Groundwater

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Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology2026

Resource Recovery of Corn Stover in Water Treatment: Nitrate Removal from Simulated Groundwater

This study evaluated the sustainability and tissue-specific mechanisms of corn stover as a solid-phase carbon source for nitrate removal from groundwater. Cyclic heterotrophic denitrification experiments were conducted using leaf, stem pith, stem bark, stem node, husk, and mixed tissues as carbon sources. Denitrification efficiency, sustainability, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) release, carbon utilization efficiency, intermediate accumulation, and environmental parameters were systematically assessed. Kinetic modeling, correlation analysis, and structural equation modeling (SEM) were applied to elucidate regulatory mechanisms. Results demonstrated that mixed tissues and husk achieved the highest denitrification efficiency, with nitrate removal rates consistently above 98% across four repeated cycles. Total nitrogen removal reached 39.30 mg/g for mixed tissues and 39.95 mg/g for husk, while byproduct concentrations (NO2-N and NH4-N) remained below 2 mg/L. DOC release profiles indicated stable carbon release and high carbon utilization efficiency (203.99 mg TN/g organic carbon for mixed tissues; 182.41 mg/g for husk). Correlation and SEM analyses revealed that carbon source type indirectly governed total nitrogen removal by modulating DOC release, which subsequently influenced pH, electrical conductivity, and nitrogen transformation pathways. Significant differences among tissues were observed in denitrification efficiency, carbon utilization, and micro-environmental regulation. Mixed tissues and husk emerged as superior carbon sources due to their combined efficiency and stability. However, husk released odorous compounds during operation, posing sensory challenges for practical application. The findings support the potential of corn stover tissues as cost-effective carbon sources for in-situ groundwater nitrate remediation, though further optimization is required for field-scale implementation.

Read Full Abstract10.13205/j.hjgc.202606015

Review on in-situ active modulation technology in metal additive manufacturing processes

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SCIENCE CHINA Materials2026

Review on in-situ active modulation technology in metal additive manufacturing processes

Metal additive manufacturing (MAM) enables integrated one-piece fabrication of parts, high material utilization efficiency, and unparalleled design freedom. However, problems such as low production efficiency, difficulties in ensuring quality stability and defect control limit the large-scale industrial application of AM. In-situ active modulation for AM enables dynamic regulation of parts during the fabrication process, thereby enhancing the quality of the final fabricated parts without introducing extra processing steps. In-situ active regulation enables direct intervention during defect nucleation, providing better effectiveness than post-printing repairs while avoiding performance degradation risks associated with post-processing. Based on the difference of core factors directly affected during regulation, in-situ active regulation is categorized into the following. (1) Process and path parameter optimization, where regulation directly impacts manufacturing-related procedural rules. It is the simplest method of control and the preferred approach, with widespread attention focused on its effects on microstructure and mechanical properties. (2) Laser beam shaping, where regulation directly influences the energy carrier morphology. To address issues such as edge over-melting and localized energy deficiency caused by non-uniform energy distribution, laser beam shaping should be employed. (3) Additional physical field modulation achieved by superimposing supplementary physical fields. When optimal process and path parameters still fail to obtain the desired microstructure and mechanical properties, additional physical field control may be considered. Meanwhile, this work summarized the effects of different additional physical fields on the mechanical properties of various metallic base materials. The future trends of in-situ modulation in additive manufacturing are also discussed.

Read Full Abstract10.1007/s40843-025-3963-5

Emerging g-C3N4-Based Piezo-Photocatalysis: Synergistic Mechanisms, Modification Strategies, and Applications

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SCIENCE CHINA Materials2026

Emerging g-C3N4-Based Piezo-Photocatalysis: Synergistic Mechanisms, Modification Strategies, and Applications

The escalating energy crisis and environmental pollution necessitate sustainable catalytic technologies. Piezo-photocatalysis, coupling light and mechanical energy via the piezoelectric effect, has emerged as a promising platform for energy conversion and environmental remediation. This review systematically summarizes recent progress in g-C3N4-based piezo-photocatalysis, addressing the intrinsic limitations of pristine g-C3N4, including weak piezoelectric response, poor low-frequency mechanical response, rapid carrier recombination, and insufficient mechanical stability. Modification strategies such as heterojunction construction, morphology engineering, and element doping are detailed, emphasizing their roles in amplifying internal electric fields and promoting charge separation. The review highlights applications in H2 evolution, H2O2 generation, pollutant degradation, and CO2 photoreduction. Despite achievements, challenges remain in mechanistic understanding and performance optimization. This review provides guidance for rational design of g-C3N4-based piezo-photocatalytic systems, accelerating their deployment in sustainable technologies.

Read Full Abstract10.1007/s40843-025-3837-1

Thriving In-Memory Computing and Neuromorphic Applications of Ferroelectric-Based Devices

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SCIENCE CHINA Materials2026

Thriving In-Memory Computing and Neuromorphic Applications of Ferroelectric-Based Devices

The rapid expansion of artificial intelligence (AI) model sizes to trillions of parameters has intensified the demand for computational paradigms that overcome the von Neumann bottleneck. Emerging memory technologies, while advancing, fall short of meeting the massive requirements of large-scale models. Ferroelectric materials, with their continuous tunability of domain patterns, offer a promising route to emulate synaptic weights in biological learning. This review systematically examines four fundamental ferroelectric-based device architectures: ferroelectric capacitors, ferroelectric field-effect transistors (FeFETs), ferroelectric tunnel junctions (FTJs), and ferroelectric domain wall memories. We analyze their latest progress, application domains, and inherent advantages, while critically assessing the challenges impeding their commercialization. Key issues include scalability, endurance, retention, and integration with CMOS technology. We also highlight optimization strategies for material and device performance, array-level design, and neuromorphic computing architectures. Future research directions are proposed, emphasizing the expansion of novel applications and the realization of energy-efficient, high-density in-memory computing systems. This review provides a comprehensive framework for researchers and engineers aiming to harness ferroelectric devices for next-generation computing.

Read Full Abstract10.1007/s40843-025-3874-1

Organic donor-acceptor cocrystal ferroelectrics: advances and perspectives

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SCIENCE CHINA Materials2026

Organic donor-acceptor cocrystal ferroelectrics: advances and perspectives

Organic/molecular ferroelectrics exhibiting spontaneous polarization have attracted increasing attention due to their flexibility, light weight, low-temperature processability, environmental friendliness, and biocompatibility. Among them, organic donor-acceptor cocrystals, self-assembled from two or more components, offer new insights into ferroelectricity. This review systematically examines recent progress in organic donor-acceptor cocrystal ferroelectrics, focusing on microscopic origins of ferroelectricity, structure modulation strategies, and underlying mechanisms. Ferroelectric origin mechanisms, including intermolecular charge transfer, proton transfer, and order-disorder transitions, are analyzed in detail. Structure-property relationships in crystal engineering are summarized, and recent advances in theoretical simulations, experimental characterization techniques, and practical applications are introduced. Finally, current challenges and future research perspectives are outlined. The review highlights that weak intermolecular interactions often lead to low Curie temperatures (Tc), limiting practical applications. Strategies to enhance Tc involve introducing stronger molecular interactions to increase transition energy barriers. Notably, room-temperature ferroelectricity in organic cocrystals has been achieved, as demonstrated by Wiscons et al. (Angew Chem Int Ed, 2018, 57: 9044–9047). The review underscores the potential of organic cocrystal ferroelectrics for flexible and wearable electronics, while addressing the need for higher Tc and robust switching performance.

Read Full Abstract10.1007/s40843-025-3986-2

Ultrasound-Activated Nanomaterials for Sonothermal Therapy: Mechanistic Insights and Biomedical Applications

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SCIENCE CHINA Materials2026

Ultrasound-Activated Nanomaterials for Sonothermal Therapy: Mechanistic Insights and Biomedical Applications

Sonothermal therapy (STT) is an emerging noninvasive energy-based modality that leverages deeply penetrating ultrasound to activate engineered nanomaterials, converting acoustic energy into localized heat. This review systematically delineates four coupling routes between ultrasound and nanomaterials: thermoelastic, thermoviscous, and plasmonic heating; nonradiative recombination and acousto-electric coupling; thermal vibrations in carbon and conjugated systems; and cavitation heating. Design principles for STT nanomaterials are established, with guidance for pre-, intra-, and post-treatment phases, and linked to applications in tumor ablation, wound infection and healing, and implant-associated infection and regeneration. Hybrid platforms integrating STT with sonodynamic or sonocatalytic reactive oxygen species generation are discussed. Key translational barriers include the lack of quantitative and standardized metrics for conversion efficiency, the need for scalable and reproducible manufacturing aligned with Good Manufacturing Practice, limited in vivo biodistribution and biosafety data, and weak links from preclinical models to clinical endpoints. An integrated framework connecting mechanism, material design, and therapeutic outcome is proposed to guide the development of next-generation STT nanoplatforms for treatment-resistant disease.

Read Full Abstract10.1007/s40843-025-3813-y

Characterization of Dust Characteristics from Sludge Co-combustion in Coal-fired Units and Experimental Study on Retrofit of Pneumatically Rapped ESP

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Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology2026

Characterization of Dust Characteristics from Sludge Co-combustion in Coal-fired Units and Experimental Study on Retrofit of Pneumatically Rapped ESP

Sludge co-combustion in coal-fired power plants generates flue gas dust with high viscosity, causing severe dust deposition on downstream environmental protection equipment. This study analyzed the dust deposition mechanism in electrostatic precipitators (ESPs) and characterized the dust layer properties. Results indicated that sludge co-combustion increased flue gas moisture content, altered particle morphology, and elevated dust viscosity. To address these issues, an anode pneumatically rapped ESP technology was developed to enhance anode plate cleaning. This technology was retrofitted on a 1000 MW unit at Zhejiang Jiahua Power Plant, and performance tests under sludge co-combustion conditions were completed in February 2025. At a specific dust collection area of 118 m²·s/m³ and a unit load of 987 MW, the ESP outlet dust concentration decreased from 25.32 mg/m³ before retrofit to 7.95 mg/m³ after retrofit. Analysis revealed that sludge co-combustion caused excessive dust deposition on the first electric field anode plates, inducing back corona, high-voltage power supply flashover, and low secondary voltage and current. After retrofit, regions with low rapping acceleration were eliminated, achieving effective dust cleaning. Secondary voltage and current were significantly improved, and overall ESP efficiency was remarkably enhanced. The proposed technology provides a reference for ESP retrofitting of coal-fired units under biomass (sludge) co-combustion and low-load conditions.

Read Full Abstract10.13205/j.hjgc.202606019

High-purity alloys for enhanced service performance: processing, mechanisms and prospects

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SCIENCE CHINA Materials2026

High-purity alloys for enhanced service performance: processing, mechanisms and prospects

High-purity (HP) alloys are critical for next-generation technologies requiring extreme reliability, yet trace impurities at parts-per-million levels can severely degrade mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and long-term stability. This review comprehensively examines recent advances in HP alloy development, covering purification approaches, processing strategies, and performance optimization. It details how trace impurities influence microstructural evolution and material properties, and discusses techniques for achieving ultralow impurity levels, including vacuum melting, zone refining, and chemical vapor deposition. The review highlights impurity sensitivity across major alloy systems—such as aluminum, titanium, zirconium, copper, and steels—and summarizes strategies to mitigate impurity-induced degradation, including advanced alloy design, grain refinement, and surface treatments. Advanced characterization techniques for detecting and quantifying impurities are also outlined. The review emphasizes the essential role of HP alloys in advanced structural and functional materials, and identifies key challenges and future directions, including the need for standardized purity definitions and cost-effective purification methods. This synthesis provides a roadmap for researchers and engineers aiming to harness the full potential of high-purity alloys in demanding applications.

Read Full Abstract10.1007/s40843-025-3870-9

Operational Efficiency and Fouling Mechanism of a Novel Swinging Ultra-Fine Screen

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Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology2026

Operational Efficiency and Fouling Mechanism of a Novel Swinging Ultra-Fine Screen

Municipal wastewater treatment plants in China face excessive influent grit loads and carbon source deficiencies, while conventional pretreatment (screening, grit chambers, primary sedimentation) exhibits low fine grit removal and poor carbon retention. A novel swinging ultra-fine screen with a screening precision of 0.1 mm was developed and tested at a pilot scale of 1000 m³/d. Systematic evaluation of screens with apertures from 0.05 to 0.4 mm was conducted, with mechanisms analyzed via particle size distribution, COD fractionation, and fouling layer characterization. The 0.1 mm screen achieved an SS removal efficiency of 89.3%, significantly higher than 57.4% for conventional processes, while COD removal was only 9.5% versus 28.6%, corresponding to a carbon source retention of 93%. The device nearly completely retained particles >0.1 mm and achieved >98% removal for particles in the 0.075–0.1 mm range. Performance remained stable under fluctuating COD and SS conditions. A three-stage fouling theory for micro-screens was proposed. This work represents the first application of 0.1 mm screening precision in pretreatment, markedly improving fine grit retention and carbon source preservation, with strong resilience to water quality variations.

Read Full Abstract10.13205/j.hjgc.202606020

Mechanism of Desulfurization Pretreatment of Barium-Containing Waste Slag by Calcium Carbonate Precipitation Method

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Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology2026

Mechanism of Desulfurization Pretreatment of Barium-Containing Waste Slag by Calcium Carbonate Precipitation Method

Barium slag, a solid waste from barium salt production, poses environmental risks due to high sulfur and soluble barium content. This study investigated the desulfurization of barium slag using sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) as a precipitating agent. The effects of reaction temperature, time, and Na2CO3 concentration on desulfurization efficiency were systematically evaluated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) were employed to analyze phase transformations and microstructural evolution. Results showed that desulfurization primarily proceeds via the reaction of ettringite (Ca6(Al(OH)6)2(SO4)3·26H2O) with Na2CO3, forming calcium carbonate (CaCO3) precipitates. However, the precipitated CaCO3 accumulates on ettringite surfaces, hindering further reaction. Under optimal conditions (60 °C, 5 h, 2 mol/L Na2CO3), the desulfurization efficiency reached 91.21%, reducing sulfur content in the slag to 0.27%, meeting the HJ 662—2013 standard for cement kiln co-processing. This work provides a mechanistic basis for efficient and environmentally sound treatment of barium slag, supporting its resource utilization in cement production.

Read Full Abstract10.13205/j.hjgc.202606016

Numerical Simulation of Airflow Distribution and Structural Optimization of a VOCs Catalytic Combustion Reactor

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Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology2026

Numerical Simulation of Airflow Distribution and Structural Optimization of a VOCs Catalytic Combustion Reactor

This study presents a numerical simulation of the internal flow field in a volatile organic compounds (VOCs) catalytic combustion reactor used in an enameled wire enterprise. Using ANSYS Fluent, the effects of inlet expansion section length, inlet expansion section angle, and catalyst bed spacing on the velocity field were systematically investigated. Additionally, the influence of heating tube configuration on the temperature field was analyzed. The results indicate that an expansion section length of 250 mm is optimal, balancing spatial constraints and the avoidance of recirculation zones. A zero-degree expansion angle yields the most uniform velocity distribution, though practical considerations necessitate case-specific angle selection. A catalyst bed spacing of 0.05 m satisfies the engineering requirement of maintaining pressure drop across a single catalyst layer below 200 Pa while significantly improving gas distribution within the bed. Alternating heating tubes on both sides of the reactor enhance temperature uniformity and elevate the overall catalyst bed temperature, thereby promoting efficient VOCs catalytic combustion. These findings provide quantitative guidance for reactor design optimization, contributing to improved catalytic performance and extended catalyst lifespan.

Read Full Abstract10.13205/j.hjgc.202606022

Comparative Study on Hydrogen Production Characteristics of Pre-treated Swine Wastewater in ASBR Process

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Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology2026

Comparative Study on Hydrogen Production Characteristics of Pre-treated Swine Wastewater in ASBR Process

Swine wastewater, a high-strength organic effluent, offers a viable substrate for anaerobic biohydrogen production, aligning with clean energy recovery. This study compared hydrogen production in three anaerobic sequencing batch reactors (ASBRs) treating: raw wastewater (R1), supernatant after MAP (magnesium ammonium phosphate) precipitation for nitrogen and phosphorus recovery (R2), and the same supernatant with anaerobic sludge heat-treated at 75°C for 0.5 h (R3). Without pH adjustment, hydrogen production in R1 remained below 0.50 mmol/(kg·d). At an influent COD of 1800 mg/L, R2 and R3 achieved hydrogen production rates of 48.17 and 71.44 mmol/(kg·d), respectively. At COD 2400 mg/L, methane concentrations in R1, R2, and R3 were 10.8%, 14.2%, and 9.1%, respectively, indicating MAP pretreatment enhanced both hydrogen and methane production. As COD increased, R1's methane concentration rose to 14.6%, while average COD removal efficiencies for R1, R2, and R3 were 78.9%, 70.8%, and 52.5%, respectively. Under pH adjustment, all reactors peaked at pH 4.0, with hydrogen production rates of 0.10, 7.74, and 8.83 mol/(kg·d) for R1, R2, and R3, respectively. These findings demonstrate that MAP pretreatment combined with sludge heat treatment significantly enhances biohydrogen production, offering a promising strategy for swine wastewater valorization.

Read Full Abstract10.13205/j.hjgc.202606018

Interpretation of the Revision to the Regenerated Zinc Raw Material Standard: A Perspective on Resource Circulation and Low-Carbon Development

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Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology2026

Interpretation of the Revision to the Regenerated Zinc Raw Material Standard: A Perspective on Resource Circulation and Low-Carbon Development

Against the backdrop of global green transition and tightening resource constraints, China's Dual Carbon Goals and Zero-Waste City initiative have positioned waste valorization as a critical pathway for sustainable development. Zinc, a fundamental metal, faces high external dependence and nearing primary resource limits, making the regenerated zinc industry essential. However, the previous standard YS/T 1093-2015 lagged in classification, technical indicators, and environmental requirements. This paper analyzes the revision to YS/T 1093-2024, which renames the standard to 'Recycled Zinc Raw Materials' and clarifies its role as front-end smelting intermediate feedstock. The new standard establishes a classification system covering six typical zinc-bearing materials, expanding utilization of low-grade complex materials (zinc content 5%-15%). It tightens limits on harmful elements (fluorine, chlorine, lead, arsenic) and introduces moisture control and appearance evaluation indicators, enhancing operability and environmental risk control. Compared with EU standards, it shows systematic improvements in raw material coverage, process adaptability, and environmental risk prevention. The revision is expected to drive the regenerated zinc industry toward intensification, high-value utilization, and clean production, improving resource recycling efficiency and supporting China's zinc resource strategic security and low-carbon development.

Read Full Abstract10.13205/j.hjgc.202606017

Dynamic Hydrogels with Independently Tunable Stress Relaxation for Stem Cell Fate Regulation and Regenerative Engineering

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SCIENCE CHINA Materials2026

Dynamic Hydrogels with Independently Tunable Stress Relaxation for Stem Cell Fate Regulation and Regenerative Engineering

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a viscoelastic material that dissipates energy through stress relaxation, a time-dependent mechanical property crucial for directing cellular processes such as spreading, migration, proliferation, and differentiation. Dynamic hydrogels with reversible cross-links mimic this viscoelasticity, offering a promising platform for 3D cell culture and regenerative medicine. However, independently controlling stress relaxation without altering stiffness remains a major challenge. This review summarizes strategies for designing dynamic hydrogels that decouple stress relaxation from elastic modulus, and examines the effects of stress relaxation on stem cell fate and organoid self-organization. Key approaches include adjusting cross-linker kinetics, using guest-host interactions, and incorporating hydrolytically degradable units. Studies show that faster stress relaxation enhances cell spreading, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation, while slower relaxation supports chondrogenesis. These findings underscore the importance of viscoelastic cues in stem cell regulation and provide design principles for biomimetic matrices. The review also discusses challenges in translating these materials to clinical applications, such as scalability and long-term stability. Ultimately, dynamic hydrogels with tunable stress relaxation hold significant potential for advancing in vitro stem cell culture models and regenerative therapies.

Read Full Abstract10.1007/s40843-025-3749-3

Construction and Application Analysis of Overall Energy System for Regenerative Thermal Oxidizers (RTOs)

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Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology2026

Construction and Application Analysis of Overall Energy System for Regenerative Thermal Oxidizers (RTOs)

To provide a theoretical basis for energy-saving combustion of regenerative thermal oxidizers (RTOs), this study analyzes energy nodes during RTO operation, refines heat balance accounting, and establishes an overall energy system. Taking a three-chamber RTO as the research object, the enthalpy of exhaust gas at different stages is calculated, and a whole-process heat balance model is developed to systematically analyze exhaust gas preheating, combustion, heat recovery, and heat loss transfer. An improved energy accounting method is proposed to address dynamic heat exchange inside heat accumulators, coupling of multiple gas streams, and boundary heat loss under complex conditions. The longitudinal temperature distribution function of heat accumulators is introduced to overcome difficulties in heat accounting within the accumulator chamber. A thermodynamic system covering 11 key internal energy nodes is constructed. Combined with design characteristics of RTO operation across industries, the application scope of the overall energy system is analyzed; equilibrium terms can be adjusted according to actual conditions, ensuring wide applicability. Validation via an RTO energy system for a glove manufacturing plant demonstrates that outlet temperature prediction accuracy improves from 14.3% to 2.8%, providing a theoretical foundation for future intelligent energy-saving combustion research.

Read Full Abstract10.13205/j.hjgc.202606021

Anti-swelling hydrogels: from preparation strategies to biomedical applications

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SCIENCE CHINA Materials2026

Anti-swelling hydrogels: from preparation strategies to biomedical applications

Hydrogels are extensively utilized in biomedical fields such as drug delivery, tissue engineering, and wound dressings due to their excellent biocompatibility, high water content, and tunable physicochemical properties. However, conventional hydrogels often undergo uncontrolled swelling in physiological environments, leading to mechanical degradation, structural destabilization, and functional failure, which severely restricts their long-term applicability. Recent advances have focused on developing anti-swelling hydrogels with equilibrium swelling ratios typically below 150%, achieved through strategies including the introduction of hydrophobic interactions, enhancement of cross-linking density, and incorporation of nanocomposite structures. These approaches significantly improve dimensional stability and mechanical integrity under physiological conditions. This review systematically summarizes the common preparation strategies for anti-swelling hydrogels and highlights their latest progress in biomedical applications, including wound dressings, tissue adhesives, and implantable devices. The advantages and future directions, such as smart responsiveness and multifunctional integration, are critically discussed. The review aims to provide theoretical guidance and technical references for the development of next-generation high-performance medical hydrogel materials.

Read Full Abstract10.1007/s40843-025-3929-4

Rigid Oxygen-Bridged Boron NHC-Based Homoleptic Phosphorescent Iridium Complexes: Structures, Photophysics and OLED Application

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SCIENCE CHINA Materials2026

Rigid Oxygen-Bridged Boron NHC-Based Homoleptic Phosphorescent Iridium Complexes: Structures, Photophysics and OLED Application

Two novel N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-based ligands featuring rigid boron-oxygen (BO) fused-ring units, named Bpmi and Bpmb, and the two corresponding homoleptic meridianal iridium complexes, namely mer-Ir(Bpmi)3 and mer-Ir(Bpmb)3, were designed and synthesized. Single-crystal structures revealed a meridional coordination geometry for both complexes. Shorter Ir–C carbene bond lengths and rigid planar BO-fused ring units contribute to enhanced stability. Both complexes exhibit efficient green phosphorescence (λem = 536/521 nm in toluene, ΦPL > 78%) with short lifetimes (τ = 846/1083 ns), leading to high radiative rate constants (Kr = 10.04 × 10^5 and 7.29 × 10^5 s−1, respectively). Theoretical calculations indicate significantly increased metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) character (21.69% for mer-Ir(Bpmi)3; 17.30% for mer-Ir(Bpmb)3) compared to reference complexes (13.01% for mer-Ir(pmi)3; 15.99% for mer-Ir(pmb)3). Both complexes exhibit exceptional thermal stability with decomposition temperatures of 491°C (mer-Ir(Bpmi)3) and 540°C (mer-Ir(Bpmb)3). OLED devices using mer-Ir(Bpmb)3 and mer-Ir(Bpmi)3 as emitters demonstrate maximum external quantum efficiencies of 20.0% and 15.6%, respectively. This research pioneers boron-fused ring-containing NHCs and their phosphorescent iridium(III) complexes, establishing a novel design strategy for high-performance NHC-based OLED phosphorescent emitters.

Read Full Abstract10.1007/s40843-025-3820-5

Oxygen modification optimizes hydrogen/hydroxyl binding energy and interfacial water structure for enhanced hydrogen evolution and oxidation reactions

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SCIENCE CHINA Materials2026

Oxygen modification optimizes hydrogen/hydroxyl binding energy and interfacial water structure for enhanced hydrogen evolution and oxidation reactions

Platinum (Pt) is the benchmark catalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) in acidic electrolytes, but its performance in alkaline media is limited by excessively strong hydrogen binding energy (HBE). Here, we report oxygen-modified ultrasmall RuCu nanocrystals (RuCu/C-200) as an efficient catalyst for both alkaline HER and HOR. The RuCu/C-200 catalyst exhibits excellent HER activity with an overpotential of 9 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and a Tafel slope of 19.7 mV dec−1. For HOR, it achieves a 4.2-fold higher exchange current density than the unannealed sample. Mechanistic studies reveal that the optimized HBE, hydroxyl binding energy (OHBE), and strongly hydrogen-bonded interfacial water, induced by oxygen modification, are the intrinsic determinants of the improved catalytic activity. This work underscores the potential of combining nanoscale structural design with oxygen modification to develop high-performance Ru-based electrocatalysts for both alkaline HER and HOR.

Read Full Abstract10.1007/s40843-025-3898-7

Full-color transparent display with red/green/blue-emitting lanthanide-doped nanoparticles heavily embedded in separated polyvinyl alcohol film

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SCIENCE CHINA Materials2026

Full-color transparent display with red/green/blue-emitting lanthanide-doped nanoparticles heavily embedded in separated polyvinyl alcohol film

Luminescent transparent display technology is widely used in emerging fields such as augmented reality glass, head-up vehicle display, and commercial retail windows. While electroluminescent display is well established, the photoluminescent transparent screen of full-color rendering ability remains elusive due to the severe crosstalk between emitters. Herein, a full-color transparent screen of an orthogonal red/green/blue (R/G/B) luminescence is reported. Lanthanide fluoride nanocrystals are used as the emitters, where the color is tuned by a deliberate choice of doping activators including Tb3+, Eu3+, and Tm3+. Polyvinyl alcohol, with an identical refractive index to nanocrystals, is employed as the host matrix, enabling a high transparency up to 86% in the visible region upon a high loading content (~78 wt%) of nanocrystals. It should be noted that the nanocrystals are embedded in separate monolayers before integration by a UV-selective absorber, i.e., epoxy resin, which absorbs 254-nm UV to block cross-excitation between Tb3+ and Eu3+ layers, providing an asymmetric luminescent property from both sides of the screen. In a proof-of-concept experiment, a full-color prototype is showcased in real time for its potential applications in advanced displays of immersive experience.

Read Full Abstract10.1007/s40843-025-3794-0

Elucidating the distinct roles of metal ion doping and alloying in MOF reconstruction toward enhanced oxygen evolution reaction

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SCIENCE CHINA Materials2026

Elucidating the distinct roles of metal ion doping and alloying in MOF reconstruction toward enhanced oxygen evolution reaction

Amorphous metal-organic frameworks (aMOFs), with abundant defects and unsaturated coordination sites, are ideal precursors for investigating electrocatalytic reconstruction mechanisms. However, systematic understanding of how different modulation strategies affect reconstruction pathways and final active species remains lacking. Here, an amorphous MOF constructed from 3,4,9,10-pyrene-tetracarboxylic acid (PTA) serves as a controllable precursor to compare doping and alloying effects on structural reconstruction and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance. Doping promotes preferential reconstruction into Fe-rich (oxy)hydroxides with more exposed active sites, whereas alloying yields Fe-Co mixed (oxy)hydroxides with limited site exposure. The doped system FeCo0.05-PTA exhibits outstanding OER activity in alkaline conditions, with overpotentials of 208 and 248 mV at 50 and 100 mA cm−2, respectively, and a low Tafel slope of 36.2 mV dec−1. In situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) captures the OOH* intermediate, confirming the adsorbate evolution mechanism. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show the doped system has the lowest free-energy barrier (ΔG = 0.59 eV) at the rate-determining step. This study underscores the decisive role of precursor design, elucidates distinct effects of doping and alloying on reconstruction pathways and final properties of amorphous MOF-derived (oxy)hydroxides, and provides insights for designing related electrocatalysts.

Read Full Abstract10.1007/s40843-025-3810-y

Lattice-Engineered High-Quality β-Ga2O3 Membranes for Memristive Applications Towards Image Encryption, Decryption, and Edge Detection

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SCIENCE CHINA Materials2026

Lattice-Engineered High-Quality β-Ga2O3 Membranes for Memristive Applications Towards Image Encryption, Decryption, and Edge Detection

High-quality β-Ga2O3 membranes are pivotal for fabricating high-performance memristive devices. Here, vertical Ag/β-Ga2O3/Pt memristors built on high-crystalline-quality β-Ga2O3 membranes via lattice epitaxy engineering and a sacrificial-layer-assisted exfoliation strategy are reported. The resulting β-Ga2O3-based device demonstrates a high ON/OFF ratio exceeding 10^8, low SET/RESET voltages of 0.13 V/−0.11 V, low programming current of 10^-10 A, stable data retention beyond 4 × 10^4 s, and excellent subthreshold characteristics of ~0.47 mV/dec. Adjustable compliance current enables the coexistence of volatile and non-volatile switching modes. Additionally, the resistive switching versatility is predominantly governed by the migration of Ag ions, as supported by electrical characterizations and first-principles calculations. Furthermore, a β-Ga2O3 memristor-based circuit that functions as a reconfigurable and non-volatile exclusive OR (XOR) logic gate has been designed and simulated, enabling both image encryption/decryption and edge detection. This work not only demonstrates lattice-engineered, high-quality β-Ga2O3 membranes for fabricating advanced memristors but also extends their applicability to digital logic and reconfigurable image processing.

Read Full Abstract10.1007/s40843-025-3858-8