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All Clean Energy & Battery Intelligence (Page 32)

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InO6X (X = Cl, Br): Distinct Functional Motif Family for Nonlinear Optical Materials

Graphical AbstractVerified

SCIENCE CHINA Materials2026

InO6X (X = Cl, Br): Distinct Functional Motif Family for Nonlinear Optical Materials

Functional motifs are essential microscopic units that govern the second harmonic generation (SHG) response in nonlinear optical (NLO) materials. While nonmetal-centered motifs have been extensively studied, metal-centered motifs with outstanding comprehensive performance remain scarce. Here, we report the successful synthesis of the first seven-coordinated indium oxy-chloride and oxy-bromide polyhedra, InO6X (X = Cl, Br), by leveraging the chelating and structure-directing properties of SeO3 groups. The InO6Br polyhedra exhibit the highest polarization anisotropy and hyperpolarizability among all reported indium oxy-chloride and oxy-bromide groups. Consequently, the first non-centrosymmetric halogenated indium selenites, In2(OH)(SeO3)2Cl (ISOC) and In2(OH)(SeO3)2Br (ISOB), were obtained. Both compounds demonstrate strong SHG intensity exceeding six times that of KDP (potassium dihydrogen phosphate) and wide band gaps greater than 4.0 eV, a combination rarely observed in inorganic selenites. This work presents a viable strategy for developing new NLO functional motifs and offers valuable insights for designing novel SHG materials with enhanced performance.

Read Full Abstract10.1007/s40843-025-3741-3

Chiral Supramolecular Helical Nanozymes with Tunable Screw Pitch and Catalytic Enantioselectivity

Graphical AbstractVerified

SCIENCE CHINA Materials2026

Chiral Supramolecular Helical Nanozymes with Tunable Screw Pitch and Catalytic Enantioselectivity

Supramolecular helical architectures hold promise for enantioselective catalysis, yet the influence of screw pitch on catalytic performance remains underexplored. Here, we report the construction of right-/left-handed helical nanoribbons (P/M-DAIPA) based on 5-aminoisophthalic acid dimer (DAIPA). Through an alcohol-mediated self-assembly strategy, the average screw pitch was tuned from 360 to 3152 nm. Mechanistic studies revealed that hydrogen-bonding interactions between DAIPA, modulated by alcohol identity and alcohol/water ratios, dictate helical morphology and pitch. Encapsulation of Fe3O4 nanoparticles yielded P-DAIPA-Fe3O4 and M-DAIPA-Fe3O4 nanozymes, which exhibited higher catalytic efficiency toward S-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) and R-DOPA, respectively. Notably, catalytic enantioselectivity inversely correlated with screw pitch, achieving selectivity factors from 1.52 to 2.01. Experimental evidence demonstrated that shorter screw pitch enhances adsorption enantioselectivity of R/S-DOPA on the nanozymes, providing mechanistic insight into pitch-dependent asymmetric catalysis. This work deciphers solvent-driven control of supramolecular screw pitch and establishes a framework for engineering chiral nanozymes with tunable enantioselectivity, advancing enantioselective synthesis.

Read Full Abstract10.1007/s40843-025-3804-7

Interphasial Li+ flux engineering for uniform lithium deposition toward high-areal-capacity and anode-less lithium metal batteries

Graphical AbstractVerified

SCIENCE CHINA Materials2026

Interphasial Li+ flux engineering for uniform lithium deposition toward high-areal-capacity and anode-less lithium metal batteries

Lithium metal anodes face critical barriers to practical application due to dendritic growth and interfacial instability, which cause short cycle life and safety hazards. This work introduces a highly stable and ultrahigh-rate lithium metal anode using a lithiophilic Sm2S3-modified carbonaceous host. The in situ formation of a Li2S-reinforced interphase layer enables highly reversible lithium plating/stripping and uniform deposition. The modified anode achieves an ultrahigh rate capability of 20 mA cm−2 and ultralong cycling stability of 7440 cycles with dendrite-free morphology. In a 4.5 V anode-less Li||LiCoO2 cell with an areal capacity of ~1.93 mA h cm−2, the system sustains over 1100 cycles with 87.2% capacity retention under harsh conditions: an ultralow negative-to-positive capacity ratio (N/P) of ~0.26 and lean electrolyte of ~5 g Ah−1. Furthermore, an anode-less pouch cell with an ultrahigh areal capacity of ~6.01 mA h cm−2 delivers superior cycling performance even at an ultra-low N/P ratio of ~0.71 and ultra-lean electrolyte of ~1 g Ah−1, achieving a high energy density of 505 Wh kg−1. This work provides a scalable and effective strategy for advancing reliable, practical lithium metal batteries.

Read Full Abstract10.1007/s40843-025-3834-x

Efficient CO2 Electroreduction to Multi-Carbon Products by Nanoconfinement Strategy over Cu Catalyst at Industrial Current Density

Graphical AbstractVerified

SCIENCE CHINA Materials2026

Efficient CO2 Electroreduction to Multi-Carbon Products by Nanoconfinement Strategy over Cu Catalyst at Industrial Current Density

The electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2RR) to multi-carbon (C2+) products is of significant interest due to its implications for chemical manufacturing and carbon neutrality. However, the competitive hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and sluggish C–C coupling kinetics impede selectivity at industrial current densities. Here, we report an interfacial nanoconfinement strategy using N-(2-acetamido)iminodiacetic acid (ADA) to engineer a series of capping layer-covered Cu catalysts (Cu@ADA-x). A volcano-type correlation between capping layer thickness and C2+ selectivity is observed. The optimized Cu@ADA-m catalyst achieves a maximum Faradaic efficiency for C2+ products (FE C2+) of 86.8% and maintains over 80% of its initial FE C2+ after 42 hours at 200 mA cm−2, with an energy efficiency of 38.5%. In-situ Raman spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the capping architecture stabilizes metastable Cu species and optimizes gas adsorption, enhancing *CO intermediate utilization and lowering C–C coupling energy barriers. This work provides a catalyst design principle for industrial-scale carbon-neutral electrochemical production of multi-carbon products.

Read Full Abstract10.1007/s40843-025-3818-4

Nucleation and growth mechanisms of TiB2 particles in copper matrix composites prepared by melt dispersion-turbulent mixing in-situ reaction method

Graphical AbstractVerified

SCIENCE CHINA Materials2026

Nucleation and growth mechanisms of TiB2 particles in copper matrix composites prepared by melt dispersion-turbulent mixing in-situ reaction method

Conventional liquid-phase in-situ synthesis of Cu-TiB2 composites often suffers from coarse and non-uniformly distributed reinforcements, stemming from insufficient understanding and control over the in-situ nucleation and growth mechanisms of TiB2 particles. This study introduces a novel melt dispersion-turbulent mixing (MDTM) in-situ reaction technology to fabricate high-performance Cu-TiB2 composites. The MDTM strategy synergistically refines reaction micro-regions by reducing the initial melt droplet size via melt dispersion while enhancing solute convection via turbulence, promoting high-density nucleation and refinement of TiB2 particles. Based on turbulence characteristics and in-situ reaction kinetics, we optimized the melt disperser parameters and established a quantitative model linking particle size to disperser rotation speed and reactant solute concentration. It was found that disperser rotation speed governs three distinct nucleation and growth mechanisms for TiB2 particles. Low-density nucleation at low disperser rotation speeds (0–50 r/min) leads to coarse TiB2 particles. At medium rotation speeds (100–150 r/min), the refinement of micro-regions in the dual-melt reaction achieves high-density TiB2 nucleation. Conversely, at high rotation speeds (150–200 r/min), intense turbulence weakens the nucleation driving force and induces TiB2 particle coarsening. This work provides new insights into liquid-phase in-situ reaction mechanisms and offers a novel, controllable route for fabricating high-performance micro/nano particle-reinforced metal matrix composites.

Read Full Abstract10.1007/s40843-025-3993-y

Lesion-targeted probiotic delivery via ROS-activated gelation and mucoadhesion for transanal treatment of colitis

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SCIENCE CHINA Materials2026

Lesion-targeted probiotic delivery via ROS-activated gelation and mucoadhesion for transanal treatment of colitis

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the colorectal mucosa, where conventional enema therapies suffer from poor retention and limited inflammation modulation. Here, we report a highly fluid probiotic-containing enema solution (s-BSA-Fe+EcN) integrating bovine serum albumin (BSA), Fe2+, and probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN). The solution's high fluidity enables comprehensive coverage of irregular colorectal mucosa. Upon encountering reactive oxygen species (ROS)-rich inflamed lesions, Fe2+ mediates H2O2 scavenging and hydroxyl radical generation, triggering BSA crosslinking and in situ gelation into a conformal hydrogel (h-BSA-Fe+EcN). This targeted adhesion mitigates oxidative damage to host tissues and preserves probiotic viability. In a porcine model, endoscopic imaging confirmed inflammation-targeted gelation in vivo. In a dextran sulfate sodium-induced mouse colitis model, h-BSA-Fe+EcN demonstrated excellent therapeutic efficacy, reducing disease activity index and restoring colonic architecture. This strategy addresses the dual challenges of fluid perfusion and rapid ROS-responsive gelation, offering an advanced transanal treatment for UC.

Read Full Abstract10.1007/s40843-025-3798-x

Asymmetric interchain interaction enables stable all-solid-state PEO-based Li batteries

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SCIENCE CHINA Materials2026

Asymmetric interchain interaction enables stable all-solid-state PEO-based Li batteries

Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-based all-solid-state polymer electrolytes (SPEs) hold significant promise for high-specific-energy and high-safety Li batteries, yet suffer from poor mechanical robustness and low Li+-conducting efficiency. Aramid nanofibers (ANFs), with exceptional mechanical strength and abundant intramolecular/intermolecular interactions, are effective additives, but their strictly symmetric interchain interactions generate a highly ordered hydrogen-bond network, producing inert aggregates that compromise electrolyte stability. Here, we construct a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-mediated asymmetric interaction between ANF chains. PEG chains introduce weaker H-bonding acceptor sites, higher steric hindrance, and abundant lithiophilic groups, simultaneously disrupting strong symmetric ANF-ANF interactions and creating rapid Li-ion channels. The resulting electrolyte maintains excellent mechanical properties (yield stress of 3.25 MPa) and enables stable cycling of Li||Li symmetric cells for over 1600 h with low polarization voltage. In LCO||Li cells, the electrolyte achieves a capacity retention of 82.7% after 300 cycles at 1 C, markedly higher than the unmodified counterpart (35.5%). This synergistic optimization of interfacial compatibility and mechanical performance demonstrates a practical route toward safe, high-energy-density all-solid-state polymer batteries.

Read Full Abstract10.1007/s40843-025-3717-6

Directional Micro-Grooved Fibers with Theoretical Infinite-Length Toward Liquid Self-Transport

Graphical AbstractVerified

SCIENCE CHINA Materials2026

Directional Micro-Grooved Fibers with Theoretical Infinite-Length Toward Liquid Self-Transport

Micro-structured surfaces have attracted increasing attention due to their great potential applications. However, it is still a challenge to continuously fabricate micro-structured surfaces based on thermoplastics by a facile, low-cost, and environmentally-friendly method. Herein, with the help of the extrusion molding method and an elaborately designed mold, micro-grooved fiber (MGF) based on high-density polyethylene (HDPE) is continuously prepared. Theoretically, infinitely long MGFs with feature sizes down to a few microns can be efficiently fabricated because of the continuous fabrication characteristic of the melt extrusion method. Interestingly, left- and right-handed micro-grooves with different helix angles can be produced by applying twisting at the die exit, and the macroscopically MGF springs can be further fabricated via a self-designed three-dimensional helical enwind device. By regulating wettability, MGF can achieve liquid self-transport on predefined paths. In addition, MGF fabric exhibits rapid evaporation behavior, whose evaporation rate is about 4 times higher than that of the Smooth fiber (SMF) fabric and 2 times higher than that of the most popular commercial quick-drying fabric (i.e., Cool-max fabric). This work proposes a facile and environmentally-friendly method for continuously preparing low-cost and flexible MGF, opening a new pathway to develop fiber-based microfluidic systems following the concept of "functionalized processing for thermoplastics".

Read Full Abstract10.1007/s40843-025-3814-2

MOF-Based Hierarchical Bilayer Membranes for Radiative Evaporative Cooling in Fruit Preservation

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SCIENCE CHINA Materials2026

MOF-Based Hierarchical Bilayer Membranes for Radiative Evaporative Cooling in Fruit Preservation

The global cold chain consumes vast amounts of energy and emits greenhouse gases, while many regions lack proper refrigeration. To address this, we developed a dual-layer electrospun membrane (PZ-PML) for energy-free fruit preservation. The top PVDF-HFP/ZIF-8 layer offers 97.64% solar reflectance and 92.5% mid-infrared emissivity, providing 70 W/m2 radiative cooling. The bottom PAN/MIL-101/LiCl layer, with 2.18 g/g water uptake at 80% RH, delivers ~156 W/m2 evaporative cooling, lowering surface temperature by 6.1 °C under ~400 W/m2 irradiation. The membrane also shows ≥99% antibacterial efficiency against E. coli and S. aureus. Applied to strawberries, it reduced dehydration to 20.2% after 9 days, compared to 68.2% and 74.4% in controls. Additionally, it demonstrates durability, superhydrophobicity, and UV stability. This scalable solution offers energy-free fruit cooling, reducing postharvest losses while maintaining quality and safety.

Read Full Abstract10.1007/s40843-025-3933-9

Achieving high thermoelectric performance in n-type polycrystalline SnSe via carrier mobility enhancement

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SCIENCE CHINA Materials2026

Achieving high thermoelectric performance in n-type polycrystalline SnSe via carrier mobility enhancement

SnSe is a promising thermoelectric material for medium-temperature applications due to its ultralow lattice thermal conductivity. However, the poor electrical conductivity of n-type polycrystalline SnSe significantly hinders its practical application. Here, we propose a dual-functional strategy employing InBr3 doping to synergistically enhance electrical transport while suppressing lattice thermal conductivity. For the first time, we demonstrate the successful construction of a Br-enriched conductive network within the SnSe matrix. The incorporation of In3+ and Br− introduces high-density charge carriers, while Br forms percolative conductive networks, resulting in a remarkable enhancement of carrier mobility to ~20.64 cm2 V−1 s−1. Simultaneously, the lattice thermal conductivity is substantially reduced to ~0.25 W m−1 K−1 through the formation of multi-scale defects, including dislocations and Br-rich nanowires, which effectively enhance phonon scattering. As a result, we achieve a peak figure of merit of ZT ~1.41 at 823 K, with an average figure of merit of ~0.42 over the temperature range of 323–823 K. This work provides a universal paradigm for decoupling electron-phonon interactions in thermoelectric materials, offering new insights for the optimization of thermoelectric performance.

Read Full Abstract10.1007/s40843-025-3750-6

Au@TiN Hybrid Nanostructures with Geometric, Compositional, and Optical Tunability

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SCIENCE CHINA Materials2026

Au@TiN Hybrid Nanostructures with Geometric, Compositional, and Optical Tunability

Developing plasmonic nanomaterials with compositions beyond noble metals is crucial for expanding their applications. Transition metal nitrides, such as titanium nitride (TiN), exhibit excellent plasmonic optical properties and photothermal conversion efficiency, showing promise in catalysis, photothermal therapy, and seawater desalination. However, the structure-property relationship governing their plasmonic optical properties remains unclear. Here, we constructed Au@TiN core-shell nanostructures and systematically investigated the tunability of their geometry, composition, and optical properties. By varying the Au core size and TiN shell thickness, we achieved precise control over the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) from visible to near-infrared wavelengths. Single-particle scattering spectroscopy revealed distinct plasmon hybridization modes, with experimental spectra matching theoretical simulations. The Au@TiN nanostructures exhibited enhanced photothermal conversion efficiency (η = 78.5%) under 808 nm laser irradiation, significantly outperforming pure TiN nanoparticles (η = 45.2%). This work demonstrates multi-factor control over plasmonic effects in TiN, providing insights for designing TiN-based plasmonic nanomaterials for catalysis and sensing.

Read Full Abstract10.1007/s40843-025-3833-1

Photocleavable Gel Platforms for Time-Gated Information Encryption and Decryption

Graphical AbstractVerified

SCIENCE CHINA Materials2026

Photocleavable Gel Platforms for Time-Gated Information Encryption and Decryption

Traditional phase transition gel platforms face significant challenges in achieving time-gated information encryption and decryption. Here, we report a photocleavable gel that enables time-gated information encryption and decryption, enhancing information storage security. The gel is synthesized by copolymerization of hydrophobic ortho-nitrobenzyl acrylate (NA) and acrylamide. Upon ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, hydrophobic NA units partially cleave to yield orange-colored o-nitrosobenzaldehyde (NSBA) molecules and hydrophilic acrylic acid groups, altering local color and hydrophilicity. Information is spatially encoded using a photomask. The written information is encrypted by dissolving NSBA molecules in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Upon aqueous immersion, differential hydrophilicity between irradiated and non-irradiated zones triggers localized phase separation, facilitating decryption. Notably, photolysis kinetics is time-gated, ensuring decryption only within a specific time window in water. This method surpasses traditional gel constraints, offering a novel paradigm for secure information storage.

Read Full Abstract10.1007/s40843-025-3801-1

Functional Micro-Defect Modified Plasma-Induced Physical Unclonable Function Wrinkle Labels Exhibiting Dual-Mode Luminescence and Angle-Tunable Structural Colors

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SCIENCE CHINA Materials2026

Functional Micro-Defect Modified Plasma-Induced Physical Unclonable Function Wrinkle Labels Exhibiting Dual-Mode Luminescence and Angle-Tunable Structural Colors

Counterfeit products have become widespread, necessitating advanced anti-counterfeiting solutions. Inspired by random wrinkles on peanut surfaces, we propose a biologically physical unclonable function (PUF) label with all-optical anti-counterfeiting. Using spatially selective plasma etching, a single-material random wrinkling strategy overcomes limitations of traditional double-layer wrinkling, such as low entropy and complex processes, enabling selective wrinkling in fixed areas. Innovative introduction of dual-modal luminescent micron defects in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) films enables orthogonal control and coordination of the frequency domain of unpredictable wrinkles at the mesoscopic scale, promoting transition from long-range anisotropy to short-range isotropy. Verification requires only simple optical equipment, providing cost-effectiveness and ease of detection. This anti-counterfeiting system incorporates three collaborative security mechanisms: (i) high-entropy PUF encoded wrinkle fingerprints, (ii) angle-sensitive Bragg-like structural colors, and (iii) spatially segmented dual-mode fluorescence. The label exhibits near-ideal cryptographic properties: uniformity close to 0.5, Shannon entropy close to 1, Hamming distance approximately 0.5, and robust environmental stability (similarity >84% after storage at 2°C and 50°C for 48 h). Plasma parameter modulation enables continuous tuning of wrinkle wavelength from 6.1 to 25.0 μm. The system's straightforward preparation, portable verification, and anti-spoofing capabilities position it for real-world applications in secure packaging, high-value product labels, and smart encryption, with potential extension to flexible electronics and wearable security systems.

Read Full Abstract10.1007/s40843-025-3752-0

Function block combination in light-driven cholesteric liquid crystal elastomer actuator

Graphical AbstractVerified

SCIENCE CHINA Materials2026

Function block combination in light-driven cholesteric liquid crystal elastomer actuator

Nematic liquid crystal elastomers (NLCEs) exhibit excellent mechanical properties and diverse deformation modes, while cholesteric liquid crystal elastomers (CLCEs) as photonic crystals (PCs) possess superior optical performance and intelligent response characteristics. Combining these two elastomers into a monolithic material is a challenging yet promising endeavor. Here, we designed and synthesized a new diselenide-bonded molecule (DSeAc), whose lower bond energy between selenium atoms endows it with excellent bond exchange ability. Consequently, two LCE matrices containing DSeAc molecules can achieve seamless bonding under mild conditions via dynamic diselenide bond exchange. By integrating a CLCE film and an NLCE actuator into a monolithic film, we enable the integration of two functional components, whose functional characteristics can be tailored as required. This function block combination strategy offers a promising pathway for developing smart materials with complex functions, showing great potential in information storage, anti-counterfeiting, and biomimetics.

Read Full Abstract10.1007/s40843-025-3742-5

Multifunctional Molecule-Aided Intercalation of Metal Ions into Graphene Oxide Membrane for CO2 Capture

Graphical AbstractVerified

SCIENCE CHINA Materials2026

Multifunctional Molecule-Aided Intercalation of Metal Ions into Graphene Oxide Membrane for CO2 Capture

The development of high-performance CO2 separation membranes is critical for advancing carbon capture technologies. Two-dimensional (2D) material membranes, with tunable interlayer nanochannels functionalized by nanomaterials (e.g., metal ions), are promising for CO2 capture. However, achieving uniform nanomaterial distribution without compromising separation performance remains a challenge. Here, we propose a multifunctional molecular immobilization strategy to fabricate a metal ion intercalated graphene oxide (GO) membrane with enhanced CO2 capture performance. The multifunctional molecule sodium p-aminobenzenesulfonate (SPABS) enables in situ and uniform distribution of Na+ in the interlayer channels of the GO membrane. The amino groups of SPABS undergo nucleophilic addition reactions with epoxy groups on GO sheets, resulting in stable interlayer channels. Meanwhile, the hydrophilic sulfonic acid groups enhance water adsorption capacity in the GO interlayer channels, synergizing with Na+ to form active sites that facilitate fast and selective transport of CO2 over N2. The resulting membrane exhibits enhanced CO2 capture performance. A large-sized membrane (15 cm × 20 cm) fabricated by scalable blade-casting shows reproducible performance. This work provides insights and a tool for tailoring nanochannels of 2D material membranes for molecular separation.

Read Full Abstract10.1007/s40843-025-3835-0

Supramolecular Damping Materials with High Energy Dissipation and High Toughness Derived from Side-Chain-Mediated Hydrogen Bonds

Graphical AbstractVerified

SCIENCE CHINA Materials2026

Supramolecular Damping Materials with High Energy Dissipation and High Toughness Derived from Side-Chain-Mediated Hydrogen Bonds

Damping materials are critical for mitigating vibrations and noise across various frequencies by converting mechanical energy into thermal energy. However, achieving a simultaneous high damping capacity and high toughness remains a formidable challenge. Here, we report a supramolecular polymer (SMP) that integrates high damping and toughness through the synergistic action of dynamic hydrogen bonds and side-chain relaxation. The polymer exhibits exceptional mechanical properties: a Young's modulus of 47.08 MPa, elongation at break of 605%, and toughness of 15.24 MJ m−3. The dynamic hydrogen bonds confer dual responsiveness to strain rate and temperature, with a 6.7-fold variation in Young's modulus under different stretching rates and a five-order-of-magnitude change in storage modulus across a temperature range. Under mechanical force, the interpenetrating side chains undergo mutual friction, enabling repetitive energy dissipation. This mechanism yields superior damping ability with a loss factor (tanδ) of 1.6 at 1 Hz, demonstrating outstanding performance in vibration absorption and noise reduction. The material's design offers a promising strategy for developing high-performance damping materials that balance energy dissipation and mechanical robustness, suitable for applications in wearable electronics, protective equipment, and structural vibration control.

Read Full Abstract10.1007/s40843-025-3768-8

Azobenzene/UV absorber dual-protected thermochromic elastomeric fibers toward enhanced light-resistance

Graphical AbstractVerified

SCIENCE CHINA Materials2026

Azobenzene/UV absorber dual-protected thermochromic elastomeric fibers toward enhanced light-resistance

Leuco dye-based thermochromic fibers suffer from poor light fastness, limiting their cyclability. Here, a hydrogen bond dissociation/structural isomerization-based dual ultraviolet (UV)-shielding strategy is proposed to develop enhanced light-resistant thermochromic elastomer fibers (Azo/TCM@Abs/TPU) employing UV absorbers and 4-dodecyloxyazobenzene (C12-Azo) through a coaxial wet-spinning process. The integration of UV absorbers and C12-Azo enhances UV protection, effectively blocking nearly the entire UV spectrum. The light fastness of Azo/TCM@Abs/TPU has been improved to Grades 3–4, enabling a stable thermochromic function to withstand several months of sunlight exposure. Additionally, the absorbed UV light is stored as chemical energy within C12-Azo via trans-to-cis photoisomerization. This stored energy can be released as heat on demand. The coaxial dual-protection concept using photoisomerization offers an efficient method to enhance light resistance in thermochromic fibers.

Read Full Abstract10.1007/s40843-025-3766-0

Ultra-robust Y-doped hafnium oxide ferroelectric memristors for intelligent edge computing

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SCIENCE CHINA Materials2026

Ultra-robust Y-doped hafnium oxide ferroelectric memristors for intelligent edge computing

The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) and big data-driven edge intelligence applications has created an urgent demand for highly efficient computing hardware. Ferroelectric memristors have emerged as promising candidates for edge hardware due to their multi-level conductance tunability and high integration potential. In this work, we fabricated yttrium-doped hafnium oxide (YHO) memristors with a remanent polarization of ~30 μC/cm2, a multi-level resistive state retention time of approximately 10^5 s, and an endurance of up to 10^9 cycles. Based on this device, we constructed a real-time path-tracking system for intelligent vehicles—which achieves 100% path recognition accuracy—and a traffic sign denoising network optimized for hardware mapping via a hierarchical mixed-precision quantization strategy; this network yields denoised images with a peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) of 27.04 and a structural similarity index measure (SSIM) of 0.80. This work paves an innovative pathway for the practical application of hafnium-based ferroelectric memristors, accelerating the development of highly efficient hardware for edge intelligence.

Read Full Abstract10.1007/s40843-025-3817-3

Antimicrobial Peptide Microneedles with Endogenous ROS-Generating Capacity for the Treatment of Anaerobic Propionibacterium acnes Infection

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SCIENCE CHINA Materials2026

Antimicrobial Peptide Microneedles with Endogenous ROS-Generating Capacity for the Treatment of Anaerobic Propionibacterium acnes Infection

Anaerobic bacterial infections, prevalent in oxygen-deprived tissues, are recalcitrant to conventional antibiotics due to slow bacterial metabolism and the generation of nutrient-rich niches that foster polymicrobial biofilms. Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes), a skin commensal, exemplifies this challenge, causing acne vulgaris and implant-associated infections, with rising antibiotic resistance. This study introduces an antimicrobial peptide (AMP), WRK (sequence: WRKFRRFKFRW-NH2), which induces endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in anaerobic bacteria, exploiting their inherent low ROS tolerance. WRK exhibited potent antibacterial activity, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 4 μg mL−1 against planktonic P. acnes and a minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) of 64 μg mL−1. To enable dermal delivery, WRK was encapsulated in layered dissolving microneedles (MNs), which demonstrated adequate mechanical strength for skin penetration. In a mouse back acne model, AMP MNs significantly reduced P. acnes infection and inflammation, outperforming commercial clindamycin gel. Histological analysis confirmed reduced inflammatory cell infiltration and tissue hyperplasia in the AMP MN group. This strategy offers a promising approach for treating anaerobic infections without promoting drug resistance, addressing a critical unmet need in clinical dermatology and implant surgery.

Read Full Abstract10.1007/s40843-025-3812-5

Intrinsic Cyclic Boron Dipyrromethene Nanoparticles with Tumor-Activated Disassembly for Enhanced Phototherapeutic Stability and Efficacy

Graphical AbstractVerified

SCIENCE CHINA Materials2026

Intrinsic Cyclic Boron Dipyrromethene Nanoparticles with Tumor-Activated Disassembly for Enhanced Phototherapeutic Stability and Efficacy

Cyclic molecular architectures offer unparalleled functional diversity and assembly advantages, holding significant promise for applications in nanomedicine. Here, we propose a cyclic molecular engineering strategy designed to address the hydrophobicity of organic dyes while simultaneously enhancing their phototherapeutic efficacy. Through esterification of the boron dipyrromethene (BDP) core with adipic acid (CB-c) or dithiodiacetic acid (CB-s), we developed self-assembling nanoparticles (NPs) with exceptional colloidal stability (>60 d) and microenvironment-responsive dissociation. CB-s NPs exhibited unique antiparallel dimeric packing in crystallographic studies, enabling robust H-aggregation. The redox-sensitive disulfide bonds in CB-s NPs conferred tumor-selective disassembly (90% dissociation within 30 h), facilitating spatiotemporally controlled therapeutic activation. In vivo studies demonstrated superior synergistic photodynamic/photothermal therapy (PDT/PTT) efficacy, achieving 92% tumor suppression. This work establishes cyclic architecture-driven supramolecular organization as a paradigm-shifting approach for developing multifunctional nanomaterials.

Read Full Abstract10.1007/s40843-025-3826-9

Acceptor Planarization and Donor Rotation Strategy Balances Radiation and Nonradiation Decay for Achieving Highly Efficient Phototheranostic Agents

Graphical AbstractVerified

SCIENCE CHINA Materials2026

Acceptor Planarization and Donor Rotation Strategy Balances Radiation and Nonradiation Decay for Achieving Highly Efficient Phototheranostic Agents

Developing near-infrared (NIR) organic phototheranostic agents with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) is crucial for precise diagnosis and synchronous cancer treatment by regulating excited-state energy dissipation. However, the distorted molecular configuration of AIE systems poses a challenge to achieving both high fluorescence quantum yield (QY) and large molar extinction coefficient (ε). Herein, a series of donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D) AIE small molecules with bright NIR emission and high photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE) were developed through an acceptor planarization and donor rotation molecular engineering strategy. Upon encapsulation into water-dispersible nanoparticles (NPs), SVD NPs exhibited strong molar absorptivity (ε = 3.92 × 10^4 M^-1 cm^-1), high QY of 4%, and improved photothermal performance (PCE × ε = 2.2 × 10^4), enabling effective NIR fluorescence imaging-guided phototherapy for successful ablation of subcutaneous tumors. This study offers valuable insights into the simultaneous enhancement of bright NIR luminescence and exceptional photothermal performance in AIE phototheranostic agents, propelling advancements in tumor diagnosis and treatment.

Read Full Abstract10.1007/s40843-025-3763-9

Research Progress on Recycling Technologies for Retired Photovoltaic Modules

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Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering2026

Research Progress on Recycling Technologies for Retired Photovoltaic Modules

The rapid expansion of photovoltaic (PV) installations and the impending retirement of early-stage modules have made the recycling of end-of-life PV modules an urgent issue. This review systematically examines the types and structures of retired PV modules, with a focus on crystalline silicon (c-Si) and thin-film technologies. It critically evaluates the principles, processes, and pros and cons of physical, chemical, pyrolysis, biological, combined, and emerging methods for recovering c-Si modules. The current status of silicon, metal, and valuable component recovery processes is summarized. For thin-film modules, the core technologies for recovering valuable components via pyrometallurgical, hydrometallurgical, biological, and novel approaches are analyzed in depth. Results indicate that conventional methods (physical, chemical, pyrolysis) remain dominant but suffer from high energy consumption, pollution, and chemical usage. Emerging technologies such as biological and green leaching are identified as key research directions, though they face challenges of low technical maturity and high costs. Finally, policy orientations and existing challenges are discussed, and future development directions are proposed, providing significant guidance for the sustainable and large-scale green development of the PV industry.

Read Full Abstract10.12030/j.cjee.202509078

Comparative Analysis of Greenhouse Gas Emission Factors for Recyclables from Municipal Solid Waste

Graphical AbstractVerified

Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering2026

Comparative Analysis of Greenhouse Gas Emission Factors for Recyclables from Municipal Solid Waste

Recyclables constitute a significant fraction of municipal solid waste (MSW) and hold substantial potential for resource utilization and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction, contributing to carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals. However, reported GHG emission factors (EFs) for various recyclables vary widely across databases and literature, ranging from -19,110 to -125 kgCO2-eq·t⁻¹, with significant differences both among categories and within the same category, complicating accurate accounting. This study systematically integrates literature data on EFs for different recyclable categories, focusing on identifying factors causing intra-category variability. Data were collected from global databases (ecoinvent, WARM, CPCD, NAEI) and peer-reviewed studies over the past two decades, normalized to a functional unit of 1 tonne of recyclable. Statistical analysis (mean ± standard deviation) provided reference ranges for each category. Results show paper recyclables EFs range from -3,140 to 270 kgCO2-eq·t⁻¹, with corrugated cardboard and writing paper exhibiting higher absolute values than packaging paper due to structural strength and resource value. Plastic recyclables EFs range from -3,096 to -566 kgCO2-eq·t⁻¹, with EPS showing the highest reduction potential, followed by PET and PVC, then HDPE, LDPE, PP, and other plastics. Key influencing factors include functional unit definition, accounting scenario, system boundary, electricity emission factor selection, and calculation assumptions. The study recommends selecting EFs matching the specific accounting scenario and performing error analysis. Data gaps remain for LDPE, EPS, and other plastics, necessitating further experimental or field data. To enhance accuracy, calibration methods such as process-level and life-cycle inventory data calibration are proposed. This work provides a scientific basis for EF selection and calibration in GHG accounting of recyclables.

Read Full Abstract10.12030/j.cjee.202509051

Recycling Pathways and Carbon Benefit Reconfiguration of Decommissioned Wind Turbine Blades

Graphical AbstractVerified

Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering2026

Recycling Pathways and Carbon Benefit Reconfiguration of Decommissioned Wind Turbine Blades

Under the dual-carbon strategic goal, China's wind power installed capacity continues to grow rapidly, making the low-carbon recycling of decommissioned wind turbine blades increasingly prominent. This study systematically reviews material recovery pathways, policy support systems, and life-cycle carbon benefits of decommissioned blades. It first analyzes regional distribution and unit characteristics of wind power installations, identifying differentiated challenges in dismantling, transportation, and reuse across regions. Subsequently, it compares mechanical/physical, pyrolysis, chemical, and combined recycling technologies. Results show that mechanical/physical methods are low-cost but yield fiber retention rates of only 10%–78%; pyrolysis has reached industrial scale but exhibits high carbon emission intensity; chemical methods achieve higher fiber retention (55%–96%) with potential carbon reduction advantages; combined methods overcome single-technology limitations, achieving fiber retention exceeding 95%, demonstrating potential for high-value utilization and low-carbonization. At the policy level, China has proposed a two-stage target: initially establishing a blade recycling responsibility mechanism by 2025 and forming industrial clusters by 2030, with gradual improvements in standards and incentives. Life-cycle assessment indicates that wind power has slightly higher global warming potential (GWP) than photovoltaics, but its emissions are mainly concentrated in component manufacturing; if efficient recycling is achieved, wind power could surpass photovoltaics in full life-cycle carbon benefits. In summary, promoting efficient recycling and policy coordination for decommissioned wind turbine blades can achieve dual benefits of resource recycling and carbon reduction, providing strong support for reconstructing a sustainable renewable energy development paradigm.

Read Full Abstract10.12030/j.cjee.202509039