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Published Research PapersFiltered: Year 2026 • 54 • 3

Showing 15 of 106 peer-reviewed papers with full Graphical Abstracts.

Original ResearchVol. 54, Issue 3 • pp. 100-112DOI: 10.1016/S1872-5813(25)60604-9• Jan 15, 2026

Recent Advances in Carbon-Based Materials for CO2 Capture and Utilization

Authors: FU Lang, YAO Dingding, HU Qiang, YAN Shuiping, YANG Haiping

CO2 capture and utilization (CCU) technologies are critical for mitigating global warming and promoting resource circularity. Carbon-based materials, with tunable pore structures, abundant active sites, high specific surface area, and excellent chemical stability, show significant potential for CO2 capture and conversion. This review systematically analyzes the adsorption behaviors and performance variations of activated carbon, porous carbon, graphene, and carbon nanotubes in CO2 capture. For utilization, recent advances in catalytic applications for methanation, reverse water-gas shift (RWGS), dry reforming of methane (DRM), and alcohol synthesis are emphasized. The benefits and drawbacks of carbon materials regarding adsorption capacity, catalytic activity, and stability are evaluated, and their potential in integrated CCU technologies is discussed. Key strategies for enhancing performance through structural modulation and surface modification are elucidated. This review provides theoretical guidance for future development and large-scale implementation of carbon-based materials in CCU.

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Recent Advances in Carbon-Based Materials for CO2 Capture and Utilization

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Original ResearchVol. 54, Issue 3 • pp. 100-112DOI: 10.3724/2097-213X.2025.JFCT.0021• Jan 15, 2026

Fabrication and Microwave Absorption Performance of FexOy/TiO2/C Composites Derived from Red Mud

Authors: LI Guomin, GUO Yujie, LI Lingxiao, JIA Kun, LIANG Liping

Red mud, an industrial solid waste from alumina production, poses severe environmental challenges. This study presents a resource-efficient strategy to convert red mud into high-performance microwave absorbing materials. FexOy/TiO2/C composites were synthesized via a sol-gel method using starch as carbon source, followed by carbothermal reduction. The phase composition and microstructure were optimized by adjusting calcination temperature and raw material ratio. The optimal sample, RmCT-5.4-700, exhibited a minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of -30.2 dB at 14.0 GHz with an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 5.3 GHz at a coating thickness of 2.0 mm. The superior absorption performance is attributed to the synergistic effects of dielectric components (TiO2, graphitized carbon) and magnetic components (Fe3O4/Fe). Carbothermal reduction introduces defects that induce dipole polarization, while the conductive network formed by graphitized carbon and Fe3O4/Fe particles enhances conductive loss. Heterogeneous interfaces between Fe3O4, Fe, TiO2, and the red mud matrix promote interfacial polarization. The magnetic loss of Fe3O4/Fe improves impedance matching, facilitating electromagnetic wave penetration and absorption. This work not only provides a novel route for red mud valorization but also contributes to the high-value utilization of solid wastes.

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Fabrication and Microwave Absorption Performance of FexOy/TiO2/C Composites Derived from Red Mud

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Original ResearchVol. 54, Issue 3 • pp. 100-112DOI: 10.1016/S1872-5813(25)60600-1• Jan 15, 2026

Damage Mechanism of High Chromia Refractory in the Slag Tapping Hole of Commercial Entrained-Flow Gasifiers

Authors: PENG Baozi, LIU Zhen, BAI Jin, LI Huaizhu, SUN Kaidi, AN Haiquan, LI Jun

The service life of refractory bricks in the slag tapping hole of entrained-flow gasifiers is a critical bottleneck for long-term stable operation. This study investigated the damage mechanism of high chromia refractories in four commercial coal-water slurry gasifiers by analyzing gasification coal samples and corroded refractory bricks. Slag characteristics, including crystallization and viscosity-temperature behavior, were evaluated. Results revealed that low-viscosity slag induces more severe refractory damage. To mitigate slag crystallization risk, a safe slag tapping temperature range is recommended as tICT−t2.5 when tICT exceeds t25. Interior morphology of corroded bricks exhibited cracks, primarily attributed to molten slag penetration and subsequent reactions with refractory material. SEM-EDS analysis of slag-aggregate and slag-matrix interfaces identified reduction in Cr2O3 content as the earliest damage characteristic. XRD detected no zirconium-containing spinel in cracks, indicating that thermal expansion mismatch between newly formed phases and the refractory matrix drives crack propagation. A damage mechanism is proposed: initial Cr2O3 depletion compromises both matrix and aggregate, facilitating slag ingress and new phase formation, ultimately leading to structural failure. Early detection or prevention of Cr2O3 reduction is essential to prolong refractory service life.

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$Damage Mechanism of High Chromia Refractory in the Slag Tapping Hole of Commercial Entrained-Flow Gasifiers$

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Original ResearchVol. 54, Issue 3 • pp. 100-112DOI: 10.1016/S1872-5813(25)60617-7• Jan 15, 2026

Research advances in the pyrolysis recycling of waste wind turbine blades

Authors: LI Zhehan, WANG Xiaolu, LEI Fan, HAO Jianxiu, ZHOU Huacong, BAN Yanpeng, LI Na, ZHI Keduan, LIU Quansheng

The global energy landscape is undergoing a profound transformation, with wind energy gaining increasing prominence due to its clean and renewable nature. However, as installed wind power capacity expands, disposal of waste wind turbine blades (WWTB) has emerged as a significant challenge. These blades are predominantly composed of epoxy resin (EP) polymers, carbon fibers (CFs), and glass fibers (GFs). Improper disposal exacerbates environmental concerns and leads to loss of valuable resources, particularly carbon-based materials. Pyrolysis technology, a versatile and environmentally sustainable method for resource recovery, has garnered considerable attention for WWTB disposal. This work presents a comprehensive review of pyrolytic recycling of WWTB, focusing on principles and classifications of pyrolysis technology, key factors influencing the pyrolysis process, as well as pyrolysis methods, equipment, products, and their applications. Through in-depth analysis of current research, this review identifies critical unresolved issues and provides a forward-looking perspective on emerging research trends. The review highlights that pyrolysis can effectively recover glass fibers and carbon fibers with mechanical property retention depending on process conditions, and that catalytic pyrolysis can enhance the quality of recovered products. Economic analysis indicates that collaborative disposal methods can improve cost-effectiveness. Future research should focus on optimizing process parameters for large-scale industrial application and developing more efficient catalysts to improve product selectivity and fiber quality.

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Research advances in the pyrolysis recycling of waste wind turbine blades

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Original ResearchVol. 54, Issue 3 • pp. 100-112DOI: 10.1016/S1872-5813(25)60581-0• Jan 15, 2026

Citric Acid-Modified HUSY Zeolite Catalyzes Alkylation of Phenol with Cyclohexanol for High-Density Aviation Fuel Precursors

Authors: HUA Canhao, WU Jingfeng, ZHU Lingjun, XU Guangwen, WANG Shurong

Lignin-derived oxygenated aromatics, particularly phenols and aromatic ethers, are promising feedstocks for synthesizing high-density, high-heat-sink aviation fuels via alkylation-hydrogenation processes. This study systematically evaluates the catalytic performance of various zeolites (Hβ, HZSM-5, MCM-41, and HUSY) in the alkylation of phenol with cyclohexanol. Characterization demonstrates that HUSY zeolite exhibits superior catalytic activity due to its favorable pore architecture and well-balanced acid site distribution, which synergistically facilitate molecular diffusion and catalytic transformations. To further enhance catalytic properties, HUSY was modified with citric acid at various concentrations and compared with NaOH and oxalic acid treatments. Results reveal that citric acid treatment preserves crystallinity while modulating acidity and pore structure. All modified zeolites enhance phenol alkylation activity. Notably, HUSY-0.5M, exhibiting the highest medium-strong acid to total acid ratio, achieves superior performance: 80.4% phenol conversion and 99.6% selectivity for alkylation products. The catalyst also shows high activity for various lignin-derived compounds (p-cresol, anisole, guaiacol), demonstrating broad applicability. This work provides a new strategy for valorizing lignin-derived phenols into high-value fuel precursors through alkylation.

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Citric Acid-Modified HUSY Zeolite Catalyzes Alkylation of Phenol with Cyclohexanol for High-Density Aviation Fuel Precursors

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Original ResearchVol. 54, Issue 3 • pp. 100-112DOI: 10.3724/2097-213X.2025.JFCT.0024• Jan 15, 2026

Hydrogen Production and Structure Evolution Mechanism during Thermochemical Conversion of Microalgae Pellet in Molten Hydroxide Salts

Authors: LI Jun, LEI Ling, CAO Wenxuan, ZHU Han, ZHONG Dian, ZENG Kuo, YANG Haiping, CHEN Hanping

This study investigates the thermochemical conversion behavior of microalgae pellets in a molten hydroxide salt (80% NaOH-20% Na2CO3) system and its influence on hydrogen production. By comparing temperature evolution, gas release characteristics, and structural evolution of pellets with and without molten salt, and integrating char alkalization experiments, the regulatory mechanism of molten salt on reaction pathways and hydrogen production was systematically analyzed. Results indicate that molten salt significantly enhances internal heat transfer efficiency, achieving a central heating rate of 177 °C/s, effectively alleviating thermal hysteresis. Concurrently, molten salt promotes pore development through penetration, erosion, and catalytic effects, resulting in a porosity increase of 53.2%–104.3% after 10 s of reaction. Conversion efficiency is markedly improved, with the dominant reaction pathway shifting to char alkalization after only 70 s. Furthermore, when heating rate is increased above 600 °C, hydrogen yield from char alkalization improves more significantly, primarily attributed to the synergistic promotion of molten salt catalysis and rapid heating on volatiles reforming. This study provides a theoretical foundation for understanding efficient hydrogen production from biomass in molten hydroxide salts.

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Hydrogen Production and Structure Evolution Mechanism during Thermochemical Conversion of Microalgae Pellet in Molten Hydroxide Salts

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Original ResearchVol. 54, Issue 3 • pp. 100-112DOI: 10.3724/2097-213X.2025.JFCT.0026• Jan 15, 2026

Recent Advances in CO2 Hydrogenation to Light Olefins

Authors: ZHANG Qian, WANG Sen, ZHANG Tianfu, XU Lin, DONG Mei, FAN Weibin

The catalytic hydrogenation of carbon dioxide (CO2) to light olefins (C2–C4) represents a pivotal route for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions while producing high-value chemical feedstocks. This review systematically examines the two principal technological pathways: CO2-Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (CO2-FTO) and CO2-methanol-to-olefins (CO2-MTO). The CO2-FTO route couples reverse water-gas shift (RWGS) with Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, whereas CO2-MTO proceeds via methanol intermediate. Key challenges arise from the thermodynamic stability of CO2 (C=O bond dissociation energy ~750 kJ/mol) and kinetic limitations. The review critically evaluates the influence of catalyst promoters (e.g., Na, Mn, Cu), support structures, and surface defect site concentrations on CO2 activation and olefin selectivity. For zeolite-based catalysts, pore architecture and acidity are shown to govern methanol conversion to olefins. Representative data from the literature indicate that Fe-based catalysts with Na promotion achieve CO2 conversion up to 40% with olefin selectivity exceeding 50% under optimized conditions. The review underscores the necessity of integrating catalyst design with reactor engineering to overcome thermodynamic constraints and achieve industrially viable performance.

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Recent Advances in CO2 Hydrogenation to Light Olefins

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Original ResearchVol. 54, Issue 3 • pp. 100-112DOI: 10.3724/2097-213X.2025.JFCT.0020• Jan 15, 2026

Cu3P@CuO Nanosheet Catalyst for Efficient Hydrolytic Hydrogen Production from Ammonia Borane

Authors: REN Wenting, CHEN Leiyun, SHEN Jiabei, XIE Jing, ZHAO Yudie, XU Lixin, WAN Chao

Ammonia borane (AB) is a promising hydrogen storage material due to its low molecular weight and high hydrogen content. The development of low-cost, high-activity catalysts for AB hydrolysis is critical for industrialization. In this work, CuO nanosheets (CuO NS) were synthesized via a solvothermal method under alkaline conditions using anhydrous copper chloride as precursor. Subsequently, low-temperature phosphating converted CuO NS into Cu3P@CuO nanosheets (Cu3P@CuO NS). The morphology and structure were characterized by SEM, TEM, AFM, XRD, and XPS. The catalytic performance for AB hydrolysis was evaluated, revealing that at a phosphating ratio of m(CuO NS)/m(NaH2PO2)=1 (0.1 g each), Cu3P@CuO NS exhibited excellent activity with a TOF of 57.23 min−1 and an apparent activation energy of 44.31 kJ/mol. The reaction followed pseudo-first-order kinetics with respect to catalyst amount and pseudo-zero-order kinetics with respect to AB concentration. The superior performance is attributed to the abundant active sites exposed by the nanosheet structure. Given the extremely low cost, Cu3P@CuO NS is a promising alternative to noble metal catalysts for hydrogen generation from AB.

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Cu3P@CuO Nanosheet Catalyst for Efficient Hydrolytic Hydrogen Production from Ammonia Borane

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Original ResearchVol. 54, Issue 3 • pp. 100-112DOI: 10.1016/S1872-5813(25)60607-4• Jan 15, 2026

Methanation Performance of Biomass Gasification Syngas over Alkali-Modified Ni/Al2O3 Monolithic Catalysts

Authors: XING Wanli, YANG Bingjie, ZHANG Wanli, KAI Xingping, ZHOU Quan, YANG Tianhua

The methanation of biomass gasification syngas (H2/CO = 3:1) was investigated over Ni/Al2O3 monolithic catalysts supported on cordierite, with a nominal Ni loading of 15 wt%. Catalysts were modified by treatment with 10% NaOH solution for 1 h and 2 h. Physicochemical properties were characterized by BET, TEM, H2-TPR, XRD, CO2-TPD, and TG. Results showed that the 2 h modification (15%Ni/Al2O3-2h) increased specific surface area, enhanced catalytic activity, and increased alkaline site density compared to the unmodified catalyst. Under optimized conditions (H2/CO volume ratio 3:1, space velocity 10000 mL/(g·h), temperature 400 °C), the 15%Ni/Al2O3-2h catalyst achieved a CO conversion of 97% and CH4 selectivity of 100%. Stability tests over 2 h showed that the CO conversion remained stable at approximately 98%, indicating excellent catalytic stability. The study demonstrates that alkali modification with 10% NaOH for 2 h significantly improves both the methanation performance and stability of Ni/Al2O3 monolithic catalysts, offering a promising route for synthetic natural gas production from biomass.

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Methanation Performance of Biomass Gasification Syngas over Alkali-Modified Ni/Al2O3 Monolithic Catalysts

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Original ResearchVol. 54, Issue 3 • pp. 100-112DOI: 10.3724/2097-213X.2025.JFCT.0025• Jan 15, 2026

Effects of Endogenous Potassium and Calcium Ions on the Yields and Characteristics of Products from Corn Stalk Pyrolysis

Authors: CAI Hanle, ZHU Liang, CAI Wei, LU Weimiao, ZHANG Yutao, MA Zhongqing

Endogenous alkali and alkaline earth metals (AAEMs) in biomass ash and pyrolysis temperature significantly influence the properties of pyrolysis polygeneration products. This study selected potassium (K+) and calcium (Ca2+) as representative AAEMs, added them at mass ratios of 2%, 5%, and 7% to corn stover via impregnation, and conducted fixed-bed pyrolysis at 400, 500, and 600 °C to investigate the yields and compositions of gas, liquid, and solid products. Results showed that increasing metal ion concentration significantly increased biochar yield, with Ca2+ at 7% achieving 24.96% biochar yield, while bio-oil yield generally decreased. Ca2+ strongly promoted H2 formation due to its Lewis acidity, reaching 32.49% in gas at 7% concentration, and facilitated furan enrichment to 65.88%. K+ at low concentrations favored phenolic formation, while high concentrations promoted ketones and intensified bio-oil cracking. Increasing temperature from 400 to 600 °C decreased biochar yield and increased gas yield, with high temperatures enhancing secondary cracking and reforming, significantly raising H2 and CH4 yields while suppressing oxygenates. At 600 °C, K+ catalysis increased acids to 39.41%, while Ca2+ maintained furans at 65.89%. This study demonstrates that adjusting metal ion concentration and temperature enables directional regulation of high-value bio-oil components and high-energy gases, providing a theoretical basis for optimized biomass pyrolysis utilization.

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Effects of Endogenous Potassium and Calcium Ions on the Yields and Characteristics of Products from Corn Stalk Pyrolysis

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Original ResearchVol. 54, Issue 3 • pp. 100-112DOI: 10.1016/S1872-5813(25)60610-4• Jan 15, 2026

Metal-Free Brush-Like 3D Carbon Nitride Delivers Efficient Red-Light-Driven Photocatalysis

Authors: WANG Peng, HAN Yanling, LIU Yuanyuan, LU Pengfei, LI Xiao

In this study, melamine and cyanuric acid were used as precursors to form supramolecular crystals via hydrogen-bond-assisted self-assembly followed by hydrothermal treatment. Subsequent high-temperature calcination yielded a novel brush-like three-dimensional carbon nitride. The brush-like 3D architecture was found to expose more accessible active sites, markedly accelerate electron transfer, and suppress the recombination of photogenerated charge carriers. The resulting superoxide (O2•−) and hydroxyl (•OH) radicals generated via electron reduction were identified as the key reactive species in the photocatalytic process. Moreover, the surface of the brush-like structure is enriched with nitrogen vacancies, which enhance the catalyst’s ability to harvest visible light. The photocatalytic performance of the brush-like CNS-650 catalyst was evaluated for rhodamine B (RhB) degradation. Under red-light irradiation (660 nm), its degradation rate was 7.4 times higher than that of bulk CN. This work provides valuable insights into the design and application of efficient metal-free 3D photocatalysts.

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Metal-Free Brush-Like 3D Carbon Nitride Delivers Efficient Red-Light-Driven Photocatalysis

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Original ResearchVol. 54, Issue 3 • pp. 100-112DOI: 10.1016/S1872-5813(25)60613-X• Jan 15, 2026

Influence of Preparation Method on the Denitration Performance of Co-Modified Ce/TiO2 Catalysts

Authors: YU Chao, ZHANG Boya, SHEN Kai, HAN Yuxuan, ZHANG Yaping

This study systematically optimized the preparation of Co-modified Ce/TiO2 catalysts and investigated the effects of preparation method and Co loading on their low-temperature denitrification activity. The sol-gel method with a Co/Ti mass ratio of 0.025 (Ce-Co0.025/TiO2-SG) yielded superior performance compared to impregnation and co-precipitation methods. The catalyst maintained NO conversion above 95% in the 225–350 °C range and exhibited high N2 selectivity. Characterization via BET, XRD, XPS, H2-TPR, and in situ DRIFTS revealed that the enhanced activity was attributed to abundant surface oxygen vacancies, a high proportion of Ce3+ species, and prominent acidic sites. The catalyst followed the Eley-Rideal mechanism, effectively inhibiting nitrate intermediate formation and promoting NO-to-NO2 oxidation. This work provides a reference for developing efficient low-temperature denitrification catalysts for industrial applications such as cement production, which emitted 722,000 tons of NOx in 2020, accounting for 17.3% of industrial emissions.

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Influence of Preparation Method on the Denitration Performance of Co-Modified Ce/TiO2 Catalysts

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Original ResearchVol. 54, Issue 3 • pp. 100-112DOI: 10.3724/2097-213X.2025.JFCT.0027• Jan 15, 2026

One-Step Electrodeposition of Cu-Sn Alloy Catalysts for Efficient Electroreduction of CO2 to Formate

Authors: MIAO Jiahe, YANG Song, HU Hao, BAI Yadong, YANG Yanyan, YU Zhongliang

Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) offers a promising route to mitigate CO2 emissions while producing valuable chemicals. This study reports a Cu-Sn alloy catalyst with a wheat-ear-like dendritic structure, fabricated via a one-step electrodeposition method, for selective CO2 electroreduction to formate. Compared to pure Cu and Sn electrodes, the Cu-Sn alloy exhibits superior catalytic activity and selectivity toward formate, achieving a maximum Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 80% and maintaining above 70% FE over a potential window from -1.7 V to -2.0 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). The enhanced performance is attributed to the unique dendritic morphology that provides abundant active sites and the synergistic alloying effect that modulates the adsorption of the CO2*- intermediate, as corroborated by electrochemical measurements and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). This work presents a facile strategy for designing bimetallic catalysts for efficient CO2RR to formate.

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One-Step Electrodeposition of Cu-Sn Alloy Catalysts for Efficient Electroreduction of CO2 to Formate

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Original ResearchVol. 54, Issue 3 • pp. 100-112DOI: 10.1016/S1872-5813(26)60646-9• Jan 15, 2026

Molecular Dataset of Paraffin Oxidative Pyrolysis: ReaxFF Molecular Dynamics Simulations and Reaction Network Analysis

Authors: YANG Lin, YANG Yanfang, LU Kuan

This dataset provides high-precision molecular dynamics trajectories for oxidative pyrolysis of three paraffin models with distinct straight-chain hydrocarbon distributions, simulated over a temperature range of 2100–2500 K. The COMPASS force field was used for initial structure optimization, and the ReaxFF reactive force field for pyrolysis simulation. The database comprises atomic trajectories, species evolution information, and reaction network analysis results for both heating and isothermal cracking processes, totaling approximately 141 GB and including 150,000 atomic configuration frames. Data are stored in a hierarchical directory structure, supporting multi-scale mechanistic studies. The dataset enables quantitative analysis of carbon chain length effects on reaction pathways, high-resolution tracking of free radical evolution, and extraction of kinetic parameters across a wide temperature range. It provides an atomic-scale foundation for understanding paraffin oxidative pyrolysis, with implications for addressing wax deposition in oil and gas extraction, enhancing product selectivity in cracking processes, and advancing clean fuel technologies. The data are publicly available via DOI:10.57760/sciencedb.31639.

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Molecular Dataset of Paraffin Oxidative Pyrolysis: ReaxFF Molecular Dynamics Simulations and Reaction Network Analysis

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Original ResearchVol. 54, Issue 3 • pp. 100-112DOI: 10.3724/2097-213X.2025.JFCT.0028• Jan 15, 2026

Catalytic Reforming of Lignite Pyrolysis Volatiles over Metal Oxide and Zeolite Tandem Catalysts for Light Aromatics Production

Authors: XU Min, YAO Naiyu, CAI Shijie, LU You, ZHAO Xiaoyan, CAO Jingpei

Pyrolysis is a key route for the graded conversion of low-rank coal, yet the volatiles are rich in oxygenates and heavy components, limiting direct utilization. This study proposes a tandem catalytic system combining metal oxides and ZSM-5 zeolite to efficiently convert lignite pyrolysis volatiles into light aromatics (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, naphthalene, methylnaphthalene). The upper-layer metal oxide pre-cracks large molecules and removes oxygenates, reducing carbon deposition on the zeolite and extending catalyst life. Among metal oxides tested, strongly basic MgO exhibited superior cracking and deoxygenation performance. Compared to ZSM-5 alone, the MgO/ZSM-5 tandem system increased total light aromatics yield by approximately 20% to 21.5 mg/g, while maintaining liquid product proportion at 21.4%. The incorporation of MgO also significantly reduced coke deposition on ZSM-5, preserving its catalytic activity and potentially prolonging its operational lifespan. These findings provide a theoretical basis for upgrading low-rank coal pyrolysis volatiles to valuable light aromatics.

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Catalytic Reforming of Lignite Pyrolysis Volatiles over Metal Oxide and Zeolite Tandem Catalysts for Light Aromatics Production

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