SCIENCE CHINA Materials•2026•DOI: 10.1007/s40843-025-4046-6
The deliberate control of framework dimensionality represents a powerful yet underexplored strategy for tailoring the functionality of homochiral metal-organic frameworks (HMOFs). Herein, we report a logical dimensional evolution from 1D and 2D to 3D HMOFs, achieved by tuning the connectivity of the auxiliary ligand. Employing a planar, three-connected ligand, 2,4,6-tri(pyridin-4-yl)-1,3,5-triazine (Tpt), together with enantiopure tetracarboxylate of cyclohexane diamide linkers ((1R,2R/1S,2S)-cyclohexane-1,2-dicarbonyl bis(azanediyl)diisophthalate) (R,R/S,S-CHCAIP) and Zn2+ salts, a pair of 3D porous HMOFs (P/M-HMOF-5) was successfully constructed. The 3D framework features unique heart-shaped channels and a novel 4-(3,3,3,6)-connected topology. Structural analyses reveal trinuclear Zn3(μ3-O) clusters that, upon activation, generate open metal sites. These Lewis acid sites, synergizing with Lewis basic sites from the framework, confer efficient acid-base bifunctional heterogeneous catalysis for the synthesis of 2,3-dihydroquinazolinones in excellent yields (90%–98%). Furthermore, P/M-HMOF-5 serve as highly sensitive and enantioselective fluorescent sensors for amino acids and α-hydroxy carboxylic acids, with the highest discrimination observed for phenylalanine (KBH(D-Phe)/KBH(L-Phe) = 5.85 for M-HMOF-5). This work demonstrates how rational ligand connectivity steers dimensional evolution, enabling the integration of distinct catalytic and sensing functions within a single chiral platform, thereby providing a blueprint for the design of advanced multifunctional materials.
SCIENCE CHINA Materials•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s40843-025-3621-y
Cancer immunotherapy is constrained by low tumor targeting, poor penetration, and immune-related adverse events. Engineered liposomal nanoplatforms mitigate these limitations by encapsulating immunotherapeutic agents within lipid bilayers, surface-modifying with targeting ligands and biocompatible polymers to reduce burst release, systemic dispersion, and rapid blood clearance. This review examines recent progress in liposome-assisted immunotherapy across cancer types, covering nanoplatform design, immunotherapy modalities, and strategies for activating immune responses. Key approaches include optimizing liposomal formulations, pairing synergistic drug combinations, and integrating with therapeutic modalities such as sonodynamic therapy, photodynamic/photothermal therapy, and checkpoint blockade. Empirical studies cited demonstrate that liposomal systems can amplify immunogenic cell death (ICD), reverse immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments, and enhance antitumor immunity. For example, manganese protoporphyrin liposomes noninvasively induce immunogenic sonodynamic therapy against triple-negative breast cancer; acoustic-triggered nanobombs enable ultrasound imaging-guided sonodynamic therapy and antitumor immunity activation; and mitochondrial-targeting liposomal nanosystems reinforce ICD through ultrasound-activated redox dyshomeostasis. Additional works show that catalase-based liposomes reverse immunosuppression and improve chemo-photodynamic therapy, while focused acoustic vortex-mediated sonochemotherapy amplifies ICD combined with checkpoint blockade. These findings underscore the potential of engineered liposomes to improve targeting, reduce toxicity, and potentiate combination immunotherapies. Remaining challenges include scalable manufacturing, long-term stability, and regulatory hurdles. Future directions involve rational design of stimuli-responsive liposomes, personalized combination regimens, and clinical translation.