SCIENCE CHINA Materials•2026•DOI: 10.1007/s40843-026-4493-8
Metal halide perovskite photovoltaics have achieved power conversion efficiencies rivaling crystalline silicon, yet their transition from laboratory-scale devices to commercial deployment requires a paradigm shift toward application-specific engineering and macroscopic system integration. This review systematically evaluates the customized deployment of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) across diverse operational theaters, including building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV), portable Internet of Things (IoT) systems, agricultural photovoltaics (Agri-PV), vehicle-integrated photovoltaics (VIPV), utility-scale tandems, and extreme space environments. Despite these opportunities, critical challenges persist in translating laboratory achievements into industrial-scale production. We critically evaluate primary bottlenecks hindering gigawatt-scale commercialization, focusing on the performance gap inherent in large-area manufacturing. Additionally, we analyze intrinsic material instabilities driven by dynamic ion migration and multi-scale lattice strain under realistic outdoor conditions. To conclude, we outline a strategic roadmap for overcoming these barriers, emphasizing lattice strain regulation, rigorous dynamic environmental testing protocols, and comprehensive sustainable lifecycle management. By synergizing mechanistic insights with scalable manufacturing and ecological assessments, this review provides a holistic framework to accelerate the ubiquitous commercialization of customizable, stable, and high-efficiency perovskite energy systems.
Environmental Chemistry•2026•DOI: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2025010302
Cadmium (Cd) contamination of agricultural soils poses significant economic and health risks. While extensive research has focused on Cd accumulation in staple crops like rice, data on oilseed crops remain scarce, hindering safety assessments of edible oils and oilseed meals. This study investigated Cd accumulation and translocation in rapeseed (Brassica napus) grown in You County, Hunan Province, a region severely contaminated with Cd. Rhizosphere soil and plant tissues (roots, stems, seeds) were collected and analyzed for Cd concentrations. Results showed that approximately 71% of rhizosphere soil samples exceeded the agricultural soil pollution risk screening value for Cd, indicating high ecological risk. Cd concentrations in roots and stems were (0.49 ± 0.39) mg·kg⁻¹ and (0.54 ± 0.31) mg·kg⁻¹, respectively, comparable to or higher than soil Cd levels (0.51 ± 0.31) mg·kg⁻¹, with elevated bioaccumulation and translocation factors. This suggests that improper disposal of rapeseed roots and stems, such as returning them to fields or burning, could lead to secondary Cd pollution. In contrast, Cd bioaccumulation and translocation factors in seeds were less than 1, and Cd concentrations in seeds, oil, and oilseed meals were relatively low. Comparative analysis with sesame, camellia oleifera, and peanut indicated that rapeseed-derived oil and meal contain lower Cd levels, positioning rapeseed as a promising low-Cd-accumulating edible oil crop for cultivation in Cd-contaminated areas.
SCIENCE CHINA Materials•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s40843-025-3391-0
Noble metal nanoclusters (MNCs) possess atomically precise structures and tunable compositions, yet their practical deployment is constrained by rapid oxidation-induced structural degradation and ligand detachment, leading to aggregation during storage and catalysis. This study introduces a redox-mediated stabilization strategy by integrating ultrasmall Au25 nanoclusters with amine-functionalized UiO-66-NH2. The uniformly dispersed amine groups act as reductive reagents, suppressing Au oxidation while reinforcing thiol-terminated ligand anchoring via dynamic coordination. This dual stabilization preserves the initial ultrasmall size and structural integrity of Au25 NCs under ambient storage and light irradiation. The engineered type-II heterojunction between Au25 NCs and UiO-66-NH2 enhances visible-light harvesting and charge separation, enabling efficient O2 activation to reactive oxygen species (ROS). The Au25/UiO-66-NH2 composites achieve 99.999% bacterial inactivation against Escherichia coli within 40 min under visible light, retaining high efficacy after five reuse cycles. Integration into wearable fabrics demonstrates potential for continuous antibacterial protection. This work establishes amine-functionalized MOFs as universal redox-active supports for stabilizing metastable MNCs, offering a versatile platform for durable photocatalytic systems in environmental and biomedical applications.