SCIENCE CHINA Materials•2026•DOI: 10.1007/s40843-026-4383-8
Conventional cancer therapies remain constrained by undruggable oncogenic proteins and acquired resistance. Proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) have emerged as a transformative modality that harnesses the ubiquitin-proteasome system to selectively degrade target proteins, offering advantages over traditional small-molecule inhibitors. However, clinical translation of PROTACs is impeded by intrinsic physicochemical limitations: high molecular weight, poor bioavailability, and lack of tumor-specific delivery. Integrating PROTACs with nanotechnology has yielded advanced nano-PROTACs platforms. Nanocarriers enhance solubility and stability, optimize pharmacokinetics, and enable spatiotemporally controlled drug release through passive or active targeting. This review systematically summarizes recent advances in engineering multifunctional nano-PROTACs for cancer therapy, with particular emphasis on design strategies by which nanoengineering enhances PROTAC performance. We evaluate how these platforms improve anticancer efficacy and minimize systemic toxicity while exploring their therapeutic potential in monotherapy and synergistic treatment settings. Finally, we discuss current challenges and future perspectives, providing a theoretical and technical foundation for next-generation nano-PROTACs as a precise and potent strategy in precision oncology.
SCIENCE CHINA Materials•2026•DOI: 10.1007/s40843-025-3610-7
Electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) offers an attractive route to produce value-added multicarbon (C2+) products, yet suffers from competing hydrogen evolution and monocarbon production. Here, we propose a dual-confinement effect on CO2 reactant and *CO intermediate, induced by tuning the pore configuration of reconstructed covalent organic frameworks (RC-COFs). The highly crystalline microporous RC-COF-1, when coated on a Cu electrode, enhances local CO2 concentration and restricts CO diffusion, thereby promoting C-C coupling. In acidic electrolyte, the RC-COF-1@Cu electrode achieves a maximum C2+ Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 67.0% at 500 mA cm−2, while maintaining a total carbon product FE above 90% across a broad current density range (100–500 mA cm−2). Experimental and theoretical analyses confirm that the ordered micropores of RC-COF-1 modulate reactant adsorption and intermediate diffusion, leading to improved C2+ selectivity. This work underscores the critical role of COF pore architecture in microenvironment engineering for heterogeneous catalysis.
SCIENCE CHINA Materials•2026•DOI: 10.1007/s40843-025-3933-9
The global cold chain consumes vast amounts of energy and emits greenhouse gases, while many regions lack proper refrigeration. To address this, we developed a dual-layer electrospun membrane (PZ-PML) for energy-free fruit preservation. The top PVDF-HFP/ZIF-8 layer offers 97.64% solar reflectance and 92.5% mid-infrared emissivity, providing 70 W/m2 radiative cooling. The bottom PAN/MIL-101/LiCl layer, with 2.18 g/g water uptake at 80% RH, delivers ~156 W/m2 evaporative cooling, lowering surface temperature by 6.1 °C under ~400 W/m2 irradiation. The membrane also shows ≥99% antibacterial efficiency against E. coli and S. aureus. Applied to strawberries, it reduced dehydration to 20.2% after 9 days, compared to 68.2% and 74.4% in controls. Additionally, it demonstrates durability, superhydrophobicity, and UV stability. This scalable solution offers energy-free fruit cooling, reducing postharvest losses while maintaining quality and safety.
SCIENCE CHINA Materials•2026•DOI: 10.1007/s40843-025-3982-6
Skin wounds are refractory due to antibiotic-resistant bacterial infection. Although photodynamic therapy (PDT) offers noninvasiveness, high efficiency, and no drug resistance, its therapeutic effect is constrained by the complex structure of wound tissue and diffuse drug distribution. The proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) regulates tissue repair by engaging its receptor Fn14, which is highly expressed in wounds. In this study, we developed a novel photosensitizer, the selenoviologen-TWEAK conjugate (SeV-Tp), to enhance selective enrichment and synergistically promote wound healing. In vitro analyses demonstrated that SeV-Tp, under visible light, generated high levels of reactive oxygen species, resulting in potent antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Notably, SeV-Tp selectively bound to Fn14 and amplified fibroblast activation via photodynamic cooperation. In a mouse model of antibiotic-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa-infected wound, SeV-Tp accelerated healing by reducing bacterial burden, modulating the immune microenvironment, promoting collagen deposition, and stimulating hair follicle regeneration. Moreover, SeV-Tp preferentially accumulated within wound tissues with minimal adverse effects. SeV-Tp represents a strategy that selectively enriches and harnesses synergistic benefits from both components, positioning SeV-Tp as a promising photosensitizer for the treatment of refractory wounds.
SCIENCE CHINA Materials•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s40843-025-3422-1
Hollow noble metal microspheres are constrained by intrinsic brittleness, which limits their practical deployment in catalysis, electronics, and chemical detection. This study reports a scalable fabrication route to vesicle-like polystyrene-silver (SPS@Ag) composite microspheres with enhanced toughness. Uniform polystyrene (PS) microspheres of approximately 1.5 μm diameter were synthesized via dispersion polymerization, sulfonated to introduce surface sulfonate groups, and sensitized with Sn2+ ions to facilitate electrostatic adsorption. Subsequent in situ chemical reduction of [Ag(NH3)2]+ yielded well-defined core-shell SPS/Ag composite microspheres with tunable shell thickness controlled by the number of reduction cycles. Removal of the PS core using DMF produced hollow vesicle-like SPS@Ag microspheres. The incorporation of SPS within the silver membrane confers exceptional toughness, mitigating the collapse typically observed during template removal. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) performance was evaluated using rhodamine 6G (R6G) as a probe molecule. The vesicle-like SPS@Ag microspheres exhibited a significant increase in Raman enhancement factor compared to their core-shell counterparts, demonstrating their potential as highly efficient SERS substrates for analytical chemistry, sensing technologies, and catalytic processes.
SCIENCE CHINA Materials•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s40843-025-3753-y
Deep learning-enhanced pressure sensors that integrate signal processing with sensing capabilities offer transformative potential for wearable electronics. However, current implementations predominantly rely on petroleum-based polymers for sensing/encapsulating layers and metallic electrodes, resulting in limited biodegradability, poor biocompatibility, and insufficient breathability. This work presents an all-textile pressure sensor that combines conductivity-modulable polypyrrole (PPy) textiles for both electrode and sensing layers with real-time artificial intelligence algorithms. Eliminating metallic electrodes and petroleum-based polymers yields a device with excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, and breathability. The textile sensing layer's structure ensures pressure-induced conductivity, contributing to high sensitivity and a wide detection range. The integrated deep learning model, a one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN), achieves 99.6% classification accuracy on human motion datasets after 16 training epochs. Under Gaussian noise with standard deviations of 150 and 200, accuracy remains at 97.3% and 93.8%, respectively. Spraying 0.1 mL water on sensor surfaces yields 98.6% accuracy, demonstrating robustness to environmental disturbances. The system enables health monitoring, software/hardware control, and complex human motion analysis. These results confirm that the deep learning-enhanced fabric sensor can achieve accurate real-time human motion recognition, showing potential for immersive motion capture and intelligent feedback systems. This work provides a sustainable, breathable, and biocompatible platform for next-generation smart textiles.