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All Clean Energy & Battery Intelligence (Page 61)

Browse complete peer-reviewed translations from top indexed Chinese clean energy & battery intelligence journals. Read verified previews and download authentic research reports verified by SinoGreenTech.

Published Research Papers

Showing 24 of 1498 peer-reviewed translated articles (Page 61 of 63)

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Recent Advances in the Design, Synthesis, and Wearable Applications of Luminescent Fibers and TextilesGraphical AbstractVerified
SCIENCE CHINA Materials2026

Recent Advances in the Design, Synthesis, and Wearable Applications of Luminescent Fibers and Textiles

Fluorescent fibers and textiles that integrate outstanding optical performance with excellent flexibility hold significant promise for wearable applications and the Internet of Things (IoT). However, the poor stability of post-organized phosphor-based fibers and the high-cost, high-precision technology of electroluminescent fibers hinder their widespread adoption. Perovskite materials and organic semiconductors, owing to their high-efficiency, tunable luminescent properties and solution processability, are deliberately employed to fabricate desired fluorescent fibers and textiles via a spinning chemistry strategy. Recent advances have successfully applied these fibers to sensors, information displays, optical communications, and health monitoring. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent progress in fluorescent fibers and textiles, covering spinning techniques, emitter design, and wearable applications. We highlight key challenges and future research directions in the fine design and synthesis of fluorescent fibers and textiles, as well as their system integration for practical wearable applications. The review emphasizes the potential of spinning chemistry to enable scalable production of robust, high-performance luminescent fibers, addressing stability and cost barriers. We discuss the use of metal halide perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) with high photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQY) and tunable emission, and organic semiconductor emitters with tailored molecular structures, as promising building blocks. The integration of these materials into fibers via spinning chemistry offers a facile, efficient, and controlled strategy, leading to ultra-stable CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) perovskite filaments with a PLQY of 24.5% and stretchability up to 2400%. The review concludes by outlining future research directions, including the development of lead-free perovskites and self-healing materials, to enhance stability and safety for commercial wearable technologies.

Read Full Abstract10.1007/s40843-025-4038-8
Highly stable halide perovskite quantum dots embedded in nanoporous glass via Pb2+ anchored nano-confined aqueous synthesisGraphical AbstractVerified
SCIENCE CHINA Materials2026

Highly stable halide perovskite quantum dots embedded in nanoporous glass via Pb2+ anchored nano-confined aqueous synthesis

Confined growth of metal halide perovskite quantum dots (QDs) in porous matrices yields improved stability and sensitivity for their implementation in luminescent chemical sensing applications. Here, we realized the synthesis of highly stable (water, photo, and thermal) and luminescent CsPbX3 QDs within nanoporous glass (NG). This is achieved by a nano-confined aqueous synthesis of CsPbBr3 QDs in Pb-anchored NG. Benefiting from strong Pb–O–Si chemical bonding between the perovskite QDs and the NG matrix, the stability of the encapsulated perovskite QDs is significantly enhanced. The emission of the perovskite NG can be tuned from 440 to 760 nm. By integrating green- and red-emitting perovskite NG onto a blue LED chip, stable WLEDs were successfully fabricated. This facile approach enables the integration of ultra-stable perovskite QDs within transparent porous monoliths toward diverse luminescent chemical sensing applications.

Read Full Abstract10.1007/s40843-025-4067-4
Site-specific doping in mesoporous Co3O4 to enrich oxygen vacancies for efficient aromatic alkane oxidationGraphical AbstractVerified
SCIENCE CHINA Materials2026

Site-specific doping in mesoporous Co3O4 to enrich oxygen vacancies for efficient aromatic alkane oxidation

Selective oxidation of aromatic alkanes is a key reaction to produce high-value chemicals in the chemical industry. However, the strong C–H bonds and inert chemical properties of aromatic alkanes render the oxidation process difficult, thereby making the development of promising and sustainable catalysts highly desirable. Herein, a resin-assisted coordination co-assembly strategy is developed to synthesize heterometal-doped mesoporous Co3O4 with abundant oxygen vacancies, enabling precise control over both composition and pore structure. The site-specific Mn doping at octahedral sites of mesoporous Co3O4 promotes the formation of oxygen vacancy with enhanced activity. Density functional theory calculations further demonstrate that Mn doping in mesoporous Co3O4 reduces the oxygen vacancy formation energy, induces the electronic structure modifications and introduces the defect energy levels, finally promoting the efficient catalytic oxidation of a series of aromatic alkanes. Representatively, Mn-doped mesoporous Co3O4 exhibits remarkably outstanding catalytic activity, achieving 37% conversion of ethylbenzene and 97% selectivity for acetophenone under solvent-free conditions.

Read Full Abstract10.1007/s40843-026-4048-x
Dimerization-Induced Orientation Control in Ambipolar M-Series Acceptors Enables Efficient and Stable Organic Solar CellsGraphical AbstractVerified
SCIENCE CHINA Materials2026

Dimerization-Induced Orientation Control in Ambipolar M-Series Acceptors Enables Efficient and Stable Organic Solar Cells

Precise control of molecular orientation in nonfullerene acceptors is crucial yet challenging for achieving both high efficiency and long-term stability in organic solar cells (OSCs). Here, we report a molecular dimerization strategy to regulate orientation and charge-transport anisotropy in ambipolar M-series acceptors. Using the edge-on-oriented small-molecule acceptor MC16 as a model, dimerization into DMC16 effectively suppresses over-aggregation and molecular diffusion while inducing a predominant face-on packing orientation. This orientation transition reverses the transport anisotropy from lateral to vertical directions, enabling balanced ambipolar charge transport and efficient carrier extraction. Consequently, DMC16-based OSCs exhibit a markedly enhanced power conversion efficiency together with outstanding thermal stability, retaining 94% of the initial efficiency after 1800 h at 85 °C and 74% after an additional 1000 h at 120 °C. When introduced as a third component in PM6:M36 ternary blends, DMC16 further optimizes blend morphology and stability, delivering an efficiency of 19.04% and over 15% in 10.15 cm2 modules. These results demonstrate that dimerization-induced molecular orientation control provides an effective pathway to simultaneously enhance efficiency, stability, and scalability in OSCs.

Read Full Abstract10.1007/s40843-026-4073-2
Hydrogen-bond engineered supramolecular bismuth halides for flexible X-ray imaging without geometric distortionGraphical AbstractVerified
SCIENCE CHINA Materials2026

Hydrogen-bond engineered supramolecular bismuth halides for flexible X-ray imaging without geometric distortion

Flexible X-ray detectors are constrained by the difficulty of producing semiconductor films that simultaneously exhibit uniform morphology, high crystallinity, and mechanical robustness. Here, we introduce a hydrogen-bond engineered supramolecular (HBES) strategy to overcome these limitations in supramolecular bismuth halide clusters (PDBiI5). By incorporating polyacrylic acid (PAA), a dynamic supramolecular network is formed that suppresses the coffee-ring effect during ultrasonic spray-coating via increased solution viscosity and controlled kinetic balance between solvent evaporation and solute diffusion. The HBES approach also modulates crystallization kinetics, extending crystal growth time from 23 to 41 s, yielding densely packed films with enhanced crystallinity and reduced defect states. These improvements lead to superior charge transport: a hole mobility of 2.16 cm2 V−1 s−1 and a mobility-lifetime product of 9.1 × 10−4 cm2 V−1. The resulting X-ray detectors achieve a record sensitivity of 19,009 μC Gyair−1 cm−2 and an ultralow detection limit of 3.35 nGyair s−1, with excellent operational and environmental stability. Leveraging the mechanical robustness from the supramolecular network, we demonstrate the first direct-type flexible X-ray imager, retaining 85% performance after 1000 bending cycles. This imager overcomes geometric distortion and vignetting, maintaining 85% edge photocurrent versus 58% for rigid detectors, enabling clear imaging of curved objects. This work establishes a versatile supramolecular engineering paradigm for high-performance flexible X-ray detection and imaging.

Read Full Abstract10.1007/s40843-026-4126-0
Rapid Room-Temperature Functionalization of Boron Nitride via Catalytic Hydrosilane Grafting: Surface Engineering and Mechanistic InsightsGraphical AbstractVerified
SCIENCE CHINA Materials2026

Rapid Room-Temperature Functionalization of Boron Nitride via Catalytic Hydrosilane Grafting: Surface Engineering and Mechanistic Insights

Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) nanomaterials exhibit exceptional properties but suffer from severe aggregation due to undesirable surface characteristics, limiting their application in polymer nanocomposites. Existing covalent functionalization methods often compromise between time efficiency, energy consumption, and structural integrity. This study presents a rapid, room-temperature catalytic grafting strategy using tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane (B(C6F5)3) to functionalize h-BN nanoflakes bearing edge hydroxyl groups. The reaction between B–OH groups and activated Si–H bonds of hydrosilanes proceeds under mild conditions, preserving the structural integrity of h-BN. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirm the catalytic feasibility and elucidate two possible reaction pathways: backside-attack and flank-attack mechanisms. The modified h-BN exhibits significantly improved dispersibility in low-polarity solvents and tunable surface properties. This efficient method offers a versatile platform for h-BN surface engineering, facilitating broader practical applications.

Read Full Abstract10.1007/s40843-025-4096-7
Material-Inspired Paradigms in Metalloimmunology: From Fundamental Insights to Therapeutic InterventionGraphical AbstractVerified
SCIENCE CHINA Materials2026

Material-Inspired Paradigms in Metalloimmunology: From Fundamental Insights to Therapeutic Intervention

Metalloimmunology, an emerging interdisciplinary field, is reshaping our understanding of the immune system at an unprecedented pace. This review systematically elaborates on the core roles of metal ions as critical signaling molecules and metabolic regulators in both innate and adaptive immunity. Special focus is placed on the molecular mechanisms by which metal ions modulate key immune signaling pathways, as well as their mediation of novel immunogenic cell death modalities including ferroptosis, cuproptosis, and pyroptosis. Furthermore, we comprehensively review innovative metal ion-based therapeutic strategies, encompassing metal nanoadjuvants, metal-organic frameworks and nanozymes, along with their cutting-edge applications in cancer, infectious diseases, autoimmune disorders, and tissue repair. Finally, this review delves into the challenges faced by this field in targeted delivery, biosafety, and clinical translation, and provides an outlook on its future development directions with particular emphasis on the immense potential of precisely regulating metal homeostasis for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.

Read Full Abstract10.1007/s40843-025-4062-2
Chirality-Driven Polar Lattice Engineering for High-Performance Organic Nonlinear Optical CrystalsGraphical AbstractVerified
SCIENCE CHINA Materials2026

Chirality-Driven Polar Lattice Engineering for High-Performance Organic Nonlinear Optical Crystals

High-performance organic second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) crystals face a persistent challenge: molecular designs that enhance hyperpolarizability often crystallize into centrosymmetric or nonpolar arrangements, suppressing bulk second-order response, while simultaneously reducing optical bandgaps, enforcing a trade-off between nonlinearity and transparency. We report a chirality-driven polar lattice engineering strategy that couples molecular asymmetry with directional intermolecular interactions to promote polar ordering. A binaphthyl-based chromophore (S-3) crystallizes in the polar space group P2₁, exhibiting strong second-harmonic generation (~3.53 × KDP), wide transparency (3.91 eV), phase-matchable birefringence (Δn = 0.15), high laser damage threshold (742.6 MW cm⁻²), and thermal stability up to 210 °C. Theoretical calculations reveal a 69% enhancement in first-order hyperpolarizability (β_tot) relative to the unfunctionalized derivative, with a net intramolecular electron transfer of 0.16 e⁻ from the chiral scaffold to the benzoate acceptor. Crucially, enantiomeric crystals exhibit identical NLO responses, confirming that bulk nonlinearity is governed by engineered lattice polarity, not molecular handedness. This work establishes chirality as an active tool for crystal engineering and provides a general design paradigm for high-performance organic NLO materials.

Read Full Abstract10.1007/s40843-026-4040-0
Why Are Some Special Ferroelectrics Immune to the Depolarization Field?Graphical AbstractVerified
SCIENCE CHINA Materials2026

Why Are Some Special Ferroelectrics Immune to the Depolarization Field?

Ferroelectric memory, with its promise of low power consumption, high writing speed and exceptional endurance, requires the scaling of ferroelectric films to ultrathin dimensions—often just a few atomic layers thick. However, such extreme thinning risks destabilizing or even erasing electric polarization, mainly due to the detrimental depolarization field. Remarkably, certain ferroelectrics exhibit an intrinsic immunity to this effect, as predicted theoretically and confirmed experimentally. Examples include improper ferroelectrics, hyper ferroelectrics, engineered heterostructures, and low-dimensional van der Waals ferroelectrics. This review systematically examines these unique materials, unravelling the fundamental physics behind their polarization robustness and the mechanisms enabling them to resist the depolarization field. By bridging theory with experimental advances, we aim to inspire the design of next-generation ferroelectrics capable of overcoming critical challenges encountered in practical ferroelectric memory devices.

Read Full Abstract10.1007/s40843-025-4173-x
Multifunctional polyoxometalate-based conductive hydrogels for low temperature tolerant, flexible wearable electronicsGraphical AbstractVerified
SCIENCE CHINA Materials2026

Multifunctional polyoxometalate-based conductive hydrogels for low temperature tolerant, flexible wearable electronics

Flexible wearable electronics require materials that simultaneously exhibit high conductivity, mechanical flexibility, and environmental robustness. Polyoxometalate (POM)-based conductive hydrogels are promising candidates but suffer from poor interfacial compatibility with polymer matrices and severe conductivity loss at subzero temperatures. Here, we report a POM-based proton-conductive hydrogel (PVA/P(SBMA-AM)/PW12/PA, denoted PSAWA) engineered by incorporating zwitterionic sulfobetaine methacrylate (SBMA), phytic acid (PA), and H3PW12O40 (PW12) into a poly(vinyl alcohol)-polyacrylamide dual-network. SBMA enhances PW12 loading and dispersion via an electrostatic–steric synergistic mechanism, while PA cooperates with PW12 to construct low-energy-barrier proton-conduction pathways, enabling fast proton migration even at −40 °C. The resulting PSAWA hydrogel achieves ultrahigh proton conductivities of 2.71 × 10−1 S cm−1 at 25 °C and 1.06 × 10−2 S cm−1 at −40 °C, alongside high stretchability, self-healing capability, antibacterial activity, and biocompatibility. Flexible biosensors and supercapacitors fabricated from PSAWA maintain outstanding performance at −40 °C. This work provides a viable strategy for developing low-temperature-tolerant proton-conductive hydrogels for advanced wearable electronics.

Read Full Abstract10.1007/s40843-026-4223-2
Precise Modulation of Surface Pb-Rich Intermetallic Pd3Pb Nanocubes for Efficient Electrocatalytic CO2 ReductionGraphical AbstractVerified
SCIENCE CHINA Materials2026

Precise Modulation of Surface Pb-Rich Intermetallic Pd3Pb Nanocubes for Efficient Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction

A series of ~20 nm intermetallic Pd3Pb nanocubes with tunable surface Pb exposure were synthesized via a facile one-step solvothermal approach, providing an ideal system to investigate the way in which the surface configurations of Pb-rich (Pd3Pb/Pb), Pd-rich (Pd3Pb/Pd), and standard Pd3Pb nanocubes influence the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) mainly through the ligand effect while excluding geometric influences. Electrochemical measurement results indicate that the Pd3Pb/Pb catalyst delivered outstanding C1+ selectivity, achieving a high Faradaic efficiency of 96.88% at −0.72 V (vs. RHE), significantly outperforming the Pd3Pb/Pd (39.86%) and standard Pd3Pb (81.75%) counterparts. In situ FTIR together with DFT calculations further elucidated that Pb incorporation can modulate the electronic structure of Pd via p-d hybridization, leading to the upshift of the d-band center. This will, in return, strengthen the intermediate adsorption ability and lower the energy barriers of the C1+ pathways while effectively suppressing the competing hydrogen evolution reaction. This work establishes a precise surface engineering paradigm of intermetallic nanocrystals for designing high-performance electrocatalysts.

Read Full Abstract10.1007/s40843-026-4070-2
Electromagnetic Wave Absorbing Materials Derived from Rare Earth Ions Enriched via Host-Guest Interactions in Anion Metal-Organic FrameworksGraphical AbstractVerified
SCIENCE CHINA Materials2026

Electromagnetic Wave Absorbing Materials Derived from Rare Earth Ions Enriched via Host-Guest Interactions in Anion Metal-Organic Frameworks

Rare earth-based electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbing materials are promising due to their strong dielectric and magnetic loss capabilities, yet effective enrichment and utilization of rare earth ions remain challenging. Here, an anionic imidazolium-based metal-organic framework (MOF), MOZ-200, is employed to enrich multiple rare earth ions (La3+, Ce3+, Pr3+, Nd3+, Y3+) via host-guest interactions. The anionic framework uniformly confines these ions, which are converted in situ into highly dispersed high-entropy rare earth alloy nanoparticles during carbonization. The resulting HE@C composites feature a conductive, graphitized carbon matrix with abundant multi-scale polarization centers and heterogeneous interfaces, enhancing dipole polarization, interface polarization, and conductive loss. Consequently, the material achieves excellent EMW absorption in the Ku band, with a minimum reflection loss of -79.20 dB and a maximum effective absorption bandwidth of 5.23 GHz. Integrated into a polyurethane matrix, a multifunctional flexible device is realized, offering EMW absorption, photothermal heating, microwave de-icing, and hydrophobicity. This work provides a feasible strategy for rare earth ion utilization and advances the design of flexible multifunctional EMW absorbing materials.

Read Full Abstract10.1007/s40843-025-4016-3
Dual-Layered Organo-Fluorinated Hetero-Interphase: A Robust Shield for Ultra-Stable Lithium Metal BatteriesGraphical AbstractVerified
SCIENCE CHINA Materials2026

Dual-Layered Organo-Fluorinated Hetero-Interphase: A Robust Shield for Ultra-Stable Lithium Metal Batteries

Lithium metal anodes (LMAs) are pivotal for next-generation high-energy batteries, yet their commercialization is hindered by dendrite growth and unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). Here, we report a dual-layered artificial SEI (ASEI) comprising an inner LiF-rich inorganic layer and an outer perfluoropolyether (PFOE) organic layer, fabricated via a scalable roll-pressing technique. The LiF-rich layer lowers Li-ion diffusion barriers and provides mechanical robustness, while the PFOE layer chemically stabilizes the interface against electrolyte oxidation. Symmetric cells with PFOE-LiF@Li anodes achieve over 1400 h of stable cycling at 30 mA cm−2 and 5 mAh cm−2. Full cells paired with LiFePO4 cathodes deliver 350 cycles at 1 C and over 550 cycles at 2 C with high capacity retention and Coulombic efficiency. This work establishes a design principle for interfacial engineering, combining inorganic rigidity with organic functionality, and offers a promising route for practical LMBs.

Read Full Abstract10.1007/s40843-026-4164-3
Record Efficiency of 20.01% in HTM-Free Carbon-Based CsPbI3 Perovskite Solar Cells Achieved by TEPM Multifunctional AdditiveGraphical AbstractVerified
SCIENCE CHINA Materials2026

Record Efficiency of 20.01% in HTM-Free Carbon-Based CsPbI3 Perovskite Solar Cells Achieved by TEPM Multifunctional Additive

All-inorganic, hole-transport-material-free (HTM-free), carbon-based perovskite solar cells (C-PSCs) have attracted significant attention due to their exceptional stability and low cost. However, their performance and commercial potential are constrained by poor interfacial contact, insufficient crystallinity, and energy level misalignment. In this work, we address these challenges via a molecular engineering strategy by introducing tetrakis(4-ethynylphenyl)methane (TEPM) as a multifunctional additive. The alkynyl moiety (C≡C) in TEPM coordinates with Pb2+ ions in perovskite precursors, synergistically slowing crystallization kinetics to regulate crystal growth and passivate deep-level defects. Consequently, CsPbI3 films exhibit larger grain sizes, improved crystallinity, and lower defect densities. Devices modified with TEPM achieved a record power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.01% (certified 19.58%). Additionally, unencapsulated devices retained 87.6% of their initial efficiency after 1080 h under ambient conditions (25 °C, 30% relative humidity), and maintained 94.0% of their initial efficiency after 730 h of continuous AM 1.5G illumination in air. This work sets a new efficiency benchmark for inorganic HTM-free C-PSCs and provides a versatile molecular engineering strategy for developing high-performance, stable perovskite photovoltaics.

Read Full Abstract10.1007/s40843-026-4072-3
COFAP: A Universal Framework for COFs Adsorption Prediction through Designed Multi-Modal Extraction and Cross-Modal SynergyGraphical AbstractVerified
SCIENCE CHINA Materials2026

COFAP: A Universal Framework for COFs Adsorption Prediction through Designed Multi-Modal Extraction and Cross-Modal Synergy

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are promising adsorbents for gas adsorption and separation, yet identifying optimal structures among their vast design space requires efficient high-throughput screening. Conventional machine-learning predictors rely heavily on specific gas-related features, which are time-consuming and limit scalability, leading to inefficiency and labor-intensive processes. Here, we propose COFAP, a universal COFs adsorption prediction framework that extracts multi-modal structural and chemical features via deep learning and fuses these complementary features through a cross-modal attention mechanism. Without relying on explicit gas-specific thermodynamic descriptors, COFAP achieves state-of-the-art prediction performance on the hypoCOFs dataset under the conditions investigated, outperforming existing approaches. Based on COFAP, we found that high-performing COFs for gas separation concentrate within a narrow range of pore size and surface area. A weight-adjustable prioritization scheme is also developed to enable flexible, application-specific ranking of candidate COFs. Superior efficiency and accuracy render COFAP directly deployable in crystalline porous materials.

Read Full Abstract10.1007/s40843-025-4104-4
Multi-model framework for intelligent research and development of super-hydrophilic coatingsGraphical AbstractVerified
SCIENCE CHINA Materials2026

Multi-model framework for intelligent research and development of super-hydrophilic coatings

The conventional trial-and-error approach for the research and development (R&D) of high-performance super-hydrophilic coatings presents long-standing challenges, including data scarcity, unclear structure-activity relationships, and lack of design guidelines. In this study, an innovative multi-model framework that synergistically integrates a specialized polymer large language model (PolyLLM) and a polymer machine learning model (PolyML) for intelligent R&D of super-hydrophilic coating systems is designed and demonstrated. During the hydrophilic polymer research phase, the multi-model leverages the domain-specific insights and chemical tool capabilities of the fine-tuned PolyLLM to systematically screen 852 hydrophilic monomers and generate 3880 hypothetical polymer architectures. By utilizing the PolyML, the multi-model enables precise performance predictions and quantitative evaluations of feature importance to facilitate efficient high-throughput screening of optimal structures from the generated polymer database. Experimental validation confirms that the multi-model achieves a mean absolute error (MAE) below 10% across various polymer property prediction tasks compared to experimental data. This approach leads to the rapid discovery of hydrophilic polymers with exceptional anti-swelling and wear-resistance. In developing super-hydrophilic coatings, the multi-model effectively combines PolyLLM's guidance for large-scale synthesis with PolyML's capabilities for precise formulation optimization and curing parameter adjustments. The effectiveness of multi-model is demonstrated by the accelerated development of high-performance anti-fogging coatings for swim goggles and optical films with outstanding water- and wear-resistance that significantly outperform leading commercial products. This multi-model offers a flexible approach for advanced polymer coatings, leading to a seamless connection between laboratory research and industrial development.

Read Full Abstract10.1007/s40843-026-4146-8
Composition Optimization of Liquid Ga Support for Uniform Cu Dispersion with Sustainable Electroreduction of CO2 to CH4Graphical AbstractVerified
SCIENCE CHINA Materials2026

Composition Optimization of Liquid Ga Support for Uniform Cu Dispersion with Sustainable Electroreduction of CO2 to CH4

Liquid metals (LMs) are promising catalyst systems due to their unique interfacial properties, yet migration and aggregation of active species cause performance degradation. Here, we report a composition optimization strategy using a Ga-In eutectic liquid metal support to reduce surface energy and achieve homogeneous incorporation of Cu species (GaIn-Cu). Comprehensive characterizations confirm uniform Cu dispersion, which inhibits migration and formation of CuGa2 intermetallic phases during CO2 electroreduction (CO2RR). The GaIn-10-Cu catalyst achieves a maximum CH4 Faradaic efficiency of 73.49% at -0.8 V vs. RHE, significantly higher than Ga-Cu (61.49%). Moreover, GaIn-10-Cu exhibits enhanced stability for CH4 generation over 40 h of continuous operation. In-situ spectroscopic studies reveal that GaIn-10-Cu favors formation and protonation of key *CHO and *OCH3 intermediates, steering selectivity toward CH4. This work demonstrates that tuning LM composition modulates catalytic site performance, offering a strategy for durable and selective LM-based electrocatalysts.

Read Full Abstract10.1007/s40843-025-4163-y
Balancing photosensitivity and visible-light absorption in intrinsically black photosensitive polyimide: synthesis and metal patterningGraphical AbstractVerified
SCIENCE CHINA Materials2026

Balancing photosensitivity and visible-light absorption in intrinsically black photosensitive polyimide: synthesis and metal patterning

The escalating power density of electronic devices necessitates effective visible-light shielding in advanced packaging to ensure circuit security and long-term reliability. Photosensitive polyimides (PSPI) serve dual roles as photodefinable dielectrics and structural layers, but intrinsically black PSPI (B-PSPI) suffer from competitive ultraviolet (UV) absorption between chromophores and photosensitive moieties, limiting co-optimization of deep visible-light blocking and lithographic resolution. Here, we report a main-/side-chain spatial decoupling strategy to synthesize a novel B-PSPI. By polymerizing pyromellitic dianhydride with a main-chain coloring monomer (4,4'-diaminodiphenylamine) and a side-chain photosensitive monomer (1,4-dihydropyridine-functionalized diamine), the monomer stoichiometric ratio is precisely engineered. This design spatially isolates functional groups and enhances charge transfer, yielding exceptional visible-light shielding (CIE L* index of 21.39, cut-off wavelength ≈ 555 nm) with good lithographic sensitivity. UV exposure triggers in situ generation of coordination sites from photosensitive groups, anchoring active metal species for electroless copper plating. This enables direct additive fabrication of fine copper lines (40/80 μm line width/spacing) with robust Cu/B-PSPI interfacial adhesion of 16.6 MPa. This work provides a robust molecular design paradigm for B-PSPI, integrating superior optical shielding and surface metallization for high-density interconnect applications.

Read Full Abstract10.1007/s40843-025-4274-x
High-entropy modulation and surface engineering promising 4.8 V-tolerant practical Co-free ultrahigh-Ni cathodesGraphical AbstractVerified
SCIENCE CHINA Materials2026

High-entropy modulation and surface engineering promising 4.8 V-tolerant practical Co-free ultrahigh-Ni cathodes

High-Ni (Ni ≥ 0.9) layered cathodes are being developed to endure high-voltage operations above 4.5 V to boost energy density. However, they face exacerbated chemo-mechanical and electrochemical degradation under high-voltage operation, primarily due to excessive lattice strain and phase distortion during cycling. Here, we engineer a high-Ni, Co-free cathode featuring a multicomponent complex doping-modulated bulk structure, coupled with surface modification via a multifunctional atomic layer deposition-coated LiAlO2 layer. Such a unique framework achieved by surface-to-bulk integrated modification can not only greatly prevent lattice stress-induced mechanical degradation but also effectively mitigate the accumulation of by-products due to surface side-reactions. Moreover, the LiAlO2 nanoshell with exceptional ion conductivity markedly enhances the sur-/interfacial Li-ion migration kinetics, thus rendering low electron/ion-diffusion resistance. The developed cathode breaks through existing voltage constraints without compromising on performance, achieving an exceptional balance between capacity and cycle stability during operation at 4.8 V. Notably, the pouch-type cells utilizing graphite and Li metal anodes demonstrate excellent cyclability under demanding conditions, even operating at high charging cut-off voltages of 4.5 and 4.6 V, respectively.

Read Full Abstract10.1007/s40843-025-4143-9
Integrated Molecular Engineering Strategy in All-Organic Dielectrics for Ultrahigh-Temperature Capacitive Energy StorageGraphical AbstractVerified
SCIENCE CHINA Materials2026

Integrated Molecular Engineering Strategy in All-Organic Dielectrics for Ultrahigh-Temperature Capacitive Energy Storage

Polymer composite dielectrics are key materials for high-temperature film capacitors, yet their energy storage capability is severely constrained at elevated temperatures. Molecular fillers that simultaneously integrate deep-level trapping (high electron affinity, Ea), strong insulation (large bandgap, Eg), and high thermal stability are rarely available, posing a major challenge for improving high-temperature energy storage performance. To address this challenge, we screen and identify hexaazatriphenylene hexacarbonitrile (HAT-CN) as a promising candidate that fulfills the above critical requirements from numerous commercial organic molecules. When incorporated into a high glass transition temperature (Tg) polymer fluorene polyester (FPE), the resulting all-organic composite exhibits simultaneously suppressed high-temperature conduction loss and preserved mechanical robustness. Consequently, the optimized composite achieves record-high discharged energy densities of 7.31 J cm−3 at 150 °C and 6.14 J cm−3 at 200 °C (η≥90%) with a low cost and scalable process. This work demonstrates that the filler design based on synergistic key properties provides a potent pathway to break the longstanding high-temperature performance bottleneck in polymer dielectrics.

Read Full Abstract10.1007/s40843-026-4118-0
Accelerated DFT-Assisted Screening of Interfacial Modification Materials for High-Performance Perovskite Solar CellsGraphical AbstractVerified
SCIENCE CHINA Materials2026

Accelerated DFT-Assisted Screening of Interfacial Modification Materials for High-Performance Perovskite Solar Cells

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) require advanced interfacial modification materials to mitigate defects and ion migration that limit efficiency and stability. This study presents a low-cost, highly efficient screening methodology based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations to identify superior interface modifiers. The effectiveness of this method is experimentally validated. Methyl 1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxylate (TZMC) is screened as a superior molecule that simultaneously passivates perovskite defects and suppresses ion migration through a synergistic effect: coordination with Pb2+ via carbonyl oxygen and imidazole nitrogen, and stabilization of I− via N–H···I hydrogen bonding. This mechanism reduces non-radiative recombination, enhancing both open-circuit voltage (VOC) and fill factor (FF). TZMC-modified PSCs achieve a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.44% and significantly improved operational stability under continuous illumination and resistance to water/oxygen. Comprehensive characterization confirms reduced defect density and increased ion migration barriers. This work demonstrates the success of DFT-guided design in advancing interfacial modification materials for high-performance PSCs, transforming interface engineering from trial-and-error to rational design and providing a framework for high-throughput screening.

Read Full Abstract10.1007/s40843-026-4125-8
Pulsed-Electrolysis-Induced Bi-Bi2O3 Transformation Switches the Reaction Pathway for Enhanced Cyclohexanone Oxime ProductionGraphical AbstractVerified
SCIENCE CHINA Materials2026

Pulsed-Electrolysis-Induced Bi-Bi2O3 Transformation Switches the Reaction Pathway for Enhanced Cyclohexanone Oxime Production

Cyclohexanone oxime (CHO) is a pivotal feedstock for nylon-6 production, yet conventional synthesis routes suffer from high explosion risks, harsh conditions, and costly catalysts. Here, we report an electrocatalytic approach for CHO synthesis via reductive coupling of cyclohexanone (CYC) with nitrite over commercially available Bi2O3. A two-stage pulsed electrolysis protocol is employed: the first stage prepares amorphous Bi2O3, while the second stage produces CHO with a Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 74.63% and a yield rate of 0.156 mmol h−1 cm−2. Mechanistic studies, combining experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, reveal that on amorphous Bi2O3, the *NOH intermediate preferentially undergoes hydrogenation to *NHOH and then *NH2OH, rather than the *NOH→*N pathway leading to NH3. This selectivity is attributed to the higher integral crystal orbital Hamilton population (ICOHP) for the N–O bond in *NOH on amorphous Bi2O3 (1.34 vs. 0.84 on amorphous Bi), indicating a weakened N–O bond that facilitates hydrodeoxygenation. Transition state calculations show a kinetic barrier of 0.86 eV for *NH2OH→*NH2, while desorption of *NH2OH to NH2OH is barrierless, favoring NH2OH release. This work provides a sustainable, efficient alternative to conventional CHO production, addressing safety and cost concerns while achieving high selectivity.

Read Full Abstract10.1007/s40843-026-4093-8
Pinning effect mitigating Jahn-Teller distortion of manganese-rich phosphate cathodes in sodium-ion batteriesGraphical AbstractVerified
SCIENCE CHINA Materials2026

Pinning effect mitigating Jahn-Teller distortion of manganese-rich phosphate cathodes in sodium-ion batteries

Manganese-iron-based mixed polyanionic cathodes are promising for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to high energy density and operating voltage, but suffer from Jahn-Teller distortion of Mn3+ that degrades cycling stability. Here, a structural modulation strategy via Mg2+ doping is reported. Electrochemically inert Mg2+ forms stronger chemical bonds, adjusts lattice parameters, and suppresses Jahn-Teller distortion, enhancing structural stability. Mg2+ also widens sodium-ion diffusion channels, improving diffusion kinetics. Additionally, an in-situ three-dimensional carbon nanotube (CNT) conductive network boosts electronic conductivity. The resulting NFMPP-Mg@CNTs cathode delivers a discharge capacity of 126 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C (near theoretical 129 mAh g−1), retains 80% capacity after 3000 cycles at 0.5 C, and achieves an energy density of 401 Wh kg−1, among the highest reported for mixed phosphate systems. Ex-situ XPS and first-principles calculations confirm that Mg2+ resists geometric distortion by enhancing lattice stability and widening Na+ diffusion pathways (migration barrier reduced from 0.566 to 0.398 eV). This work provides a viable route for high-energy, long-life SIB cathodes suitable for large-scale energy storage.

Read Full Abstract10.1007/s40843-026-4132-y
Entropy-Driven Modulation Enables Atomic-Level Interactions for High-Rate Capacity Cathode Materials in Rechargeable Aqueous Aluminum-Ion BatteriesGraphical AbstractVerified
SCIENCE CHINA Materials2026

Entropy-Driven Modulation Enables Atomic-Level Interactions for High-Rate Capacity Cathode Materials in Rechargeable Aqueous Aluminum-Ion Batteries

Aqueous aluminum-ion batteries (AAIBs) are promising for large-scale energy storage due to safety, sustainability, and theoretical high capacity. However, sluggish electron/ion transport in conventional cathodes limits rate capability. Here, we first propose high-entropy engineering of metal oxides (HEOs) as cathodes in AAIBs, leveraging the 'cocktail effect' and abundant electron transport pathways to enhance rate-capacity. Atomic-level interactions between different metal atoms broaden the d-band with reduced electronic level degeneracy, facilitating rapid electron transport, achieving one of the best rate capabilities (119.4 mAh g−1 at 10.0 A g−1) among metal-oxide cathodes. The disordered layered oxides formed with a high-entropy framework alleviate electrostatic repulsion between aluminum ions and the fixed lattice, mitigating structural degradation and imparting excellent cycling stability (over 95.1 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles at 2.0 A g−1). The optimized HEO-Cr cathode (Fe0.6Co0.6Ni0.6Mn0.6Cr0.6O4) exhibits outstanding rate performance and cycling stability. DFT simulations and electrochemical tests reveal that multi-transition metal incorporation, bandgap narrowing, and unique lattice structure drastically enhance electron transport efficiency. The layered phase formed after cycling, based on a high-entropy framework, overcomes challenges from high charge density aluminum ions, significantly enhancing cycling stability. This work paves the way for high-performance AAIBs and other aqueous multivalent metal ion batteries by rationally designing high-entropy engineering.

Read Full Abstract10.1007/s40843-026-4123-0