Recent Advances in Carbon-Based Materials for CO2 Capture and Utilization
CO2 capture and utilization (CCU) technologies are critical for mitigating global warming and promoting resource circularity. Carbon-based materials, with tunable pore structures, abundant active sites, high specific surface area, and excellent chemical stability, show significant potential for CO2 capture and conversion. This review systematically analyzes the adsorption behaviors and performance variations of activated carbon, porous carbon, graphene, and carbon nanotubes in CO2 capture. For utilization, recent advances in catalytic applications for methanation, reverse water-gas shift (RWGS), dry reforming of methane (DRM), and alcohol synthesis are emphasized. The benefits and drawbacks of carbon materials regarding adsorption capacity, catalytic activity, and stability are evaluated, and their potential in integrated CCU technologies is discussed. Key strategies for enhancing performance through structural modulation and surface modification are elucidated. This review provides theoretical guidance for future development and large-scale implementation of carbon-based materials in CCU.