Environmental Chemistry•2026•DOI: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2025101101
Acetamiprid, a representative neonicotinoid insecticide, persists in soil and water, posing ecological risks. This study evaluated its transgenerational toxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans exposed to 1, 10, and 100 μg·L−1. Direct exposure (F0) caused neurobehavioral abnormalities, with head swing frequency significantly increased by 23.86% even at 1.0 μg·L−1, correlating with disrupted acetylcholinesterase and γ-aminobutyric acid. Reproduction, development, metabolism, and intestinal barrier were impaired, with reactive oxygen species elevated by 30.42%–48.28%, indicating oxidative stress as a mechanism. Effects transmitted to unexposed T1–T3 generations: at 1.0 μg·L−1, body width inhibition persisted to T2; fat accumulation and intestinal permeability effects intensified with concentration. Among oxidative stress biomarkers, superoxide dismutase showed highest sensitivity and transgenerational persistence. This study reveals multidimensional transgenerational toxicity, informing soil ecological risk assessment of neonicotinoids.
The Chinese Journal of Process Engineering•2026•DOI: 10.12034/j.issn.1009-606X.225141
This study established a three-dimensional transient gas-liquid two-phase flow model based on a 150-tonne converter to investigate the influence of the number of clogged bottom-blowing elements on the stirring efficiency of the molten pool. The numerical simulation results were validated against actual converter operating conditions. The findings revealed that the primary reason for deteriorated flow characteristics under multiple clogged tuyeres was the overall reduction in stirring energy input from the bottom-blowing gas. Specifically, when the number of clogged tuyeres reached three, the numerically simulated mixing time increased from 150.6 s to 219.3 s, a significant increase of 45.62%. This numerical result was in good agreement with water model experiments, indicating that prompt furnace bottom maintenance and tuyere replacement should be considered under such circumstances. At the same bottom-blowing intensity, the effective stirring area of a single inner-ring tuyere was 0.919 m2, while that of a single outer-ring tuyere was 1.651 m2. The combined effective area achieved through the synergy of inner and outer ring tuyeres was 2.940 m2, which was 14.4% greater than the sum of their individual areas. Clogging disrupted this synergistic stirring effect. A single clogged tuyere had a negligible impact on the distribution of dead zones. However, when tuyeres in both the inner and outer rings were clogged, dead zones became more numerous and concentrated. With 3 and 4 clogged tuyeres, the dead zone volume reached 3.703 and 5.946 m3, accounting for 17.31% and 27.79% of the total molten pool volume, respectively. An industrial plant trial conducted based on the numerical simulation scheme showed that key performance indicators deteriorated as the number of clogged tuyeres increased. With three clogged tuyeres, the average end-point oxygen content reached 0.0669wt%, which was 22.1% higher than that under non-clogged conditions. Concurrently, the total iron content in the slag reached 19.44%, a 24.5% increase compared to the non-clogged baseline.
SCIENCE CHINA Materials•2026•DOI: 10.1007/s40843-026-4148-3
Biological ion channels exhibit multistate transport behavior beyond simple binary open-closed conformations, enabling dynamic control of neural signaling and transmembrane substance transport. Inspired by this, we synthesized a triphenylamine-ketone donor-acceptor (D-A) type poly(aryl amine-ketone) with multiple redox sites, allowing continuously tunable electrochemical states via hierarchical electron transfer. Combining this polymer with two-dimensional conductive MXene, we constructed a biomimetic nanofluidic transistor. Through side-group tuning to optimize redox matching, the polymer undergoes reversible conformation switching via intramolecular charge transfer at voltages below 1 V. The field-driven conformational changes induce electrostatic attraction, promoting reversible contraction of MXene interlayers. Synergistic coupling of interlayer spacing variation and dynamic interfacial charge rearrangement enables precise hierarchical control of ion flux. The device achieves three switchable ion transport states—closed, partially open, and fully open—with an ion switching ratio of 10 and outstanding cycling stability. Furthermore, synaptic plasticity features emulate fundamental attributes of biological signaling, providing a foundation for bioinspired neuromorphic devices.
SCIENCE CHINA Materials•2026•DOI: 10.1007/s40843-025-3843-9
Lignocellulose-based electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials are gaining prominence across multiple sectors, driven by the growing EMI issues associated with rapid advances in communication technologies and electronic devices. These materials have demonstrated significant superiority over traditional EMI shielding solutions, which are often hampered by high cost and environmental concerns. This review emphasizes the excellent potential of lignocellulose as a cost-effective and flexible alternative to deliver the hierarchical structures and functional properties that qualify it for EMI shielding applications. The underlying EMI shielding mechanisms are then elucidated, with a focus on the benefits conferred by lignocellulose in such material systems. Furthermore, typical fabrication strategies for lignocellulose-based EMI shielding materials are comprehensively summarized, along with a discussion of their emerging applications in diverse scenarios. Finally, the challenges encountered in developing lignocellulose-based EMI shielding materials and their significant prospects for future boosting high-performance design and application are also outlined. The insights presented herein are expected to promote the development of efficient and green lignocellulose-based EMI shielding materials that meet the evolving demands of modern society.