• • Achieved three distinct ion transport states (closed, partially open, fully open) with an ion switching ratio of 10, demonstrating precise hierarchical control over ion flux, which is critical for multilevel logic in neuromorphic computing.
• • Voltage-gated operation below 1 V enables low-power synaptic emulation, essential for energy-efficient neural interfaces and edge AI hardware.
• • Outstanding cycling stability ensures reliable long-term operation, a prerequisite for practical deployment in implantable or wearable bioelectronics.
• • Synergistic coupling of MXene interlayer spacing variation and interfacial charge rearrangement provides a novel mechanism for tunable ion selectivity, potentially enhancing osmotic energy harvesting efficiency.