SCIENCE CHINA Materials•2026•DOI: 10.1007/s40843-025-3788-9
Fabrication of large-area perovskite solar modules under ambient air conditions remains a critical challenge due to air sensitivity of perovskite intermediate phases during crystallization. Here, we introduce 2-iodoimidazole (IIZ) into the perovskite precursor, enabling the formation of an air-stable pure δ-phase intermediate, which, upon annealing, fully transforms into a highly oriented α-phase perovskite film with reduced defects and variability. Leveraging this approach, we achieve a stabilized power conversion efficiency of 20.9% for 927.5 cm2 perovskite solar modules with high reproducibility. The encapsulated modules meet stringent international photovoltaic testing standards (IEC61215:2021), demonstrating excellent stability under continuous operation, thermal cycling (−40 to 85 °C) and damp heat (85 °C and 85% relative humidity).
Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology•2026•DOI: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202606005
In the context of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, urban reclaimed water plants must adopt measures such as energy conservation, consumption reduction, and enhanced resource and energy utilization to achieve carbon neutrality. This study developed a carbon emission balance model and accounting method for such plants, incorporating strategies of carbon emission reduction, carbon substitution, and carbon sink. The optimal pathway towards carbon neutrality was evaluated based on the carbon emission balance ratio. Using a 1×10⁵ m³/d urban reclaimed water plant as a case study, the results showed total carbon emissions of 20,934 t CO2e. The carbon emission reduction from reclaimed water source heat pumps for heating and cooling was 21,701 t CO2e, yielding a carbon emission balance ratio of 103.7%. In contrast, other carbon reduction measures contributed 15,424 t CO2e, with a balance ratio of 73.7%, highlighting the pivotal role of reclaimed water source heat pumps. When the heat pump extracted 27% and 36% of residual thermal energy, coupled with reclaimed water reuse or sludge anaerobic digestion-cogeneration, respectively, both pathways achieved a 100% balance ratio. Assuming year-round extraction, the balance ratio reached 213%. The carbon reduction ratio between utilizing residual thermal energy and chemical energy was 8.76:1. This study demonstrates that urban reclaimed water plants can achieve carbon neutrality through multiple pathways, with residual thermal energy recovery exhibiting significant potential.
SCIENCE CHINA Materials•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s40843-025-3414-5
Femtosecond laser irradiation enables spatially resolved printing of CsPbBr3 perovskite quantum dots (PeQDs) within borosilicate glass, yet the write-erase-recovery cycle is governed by glass network connectivity, a parameter that remains poorly quantified. This work demonstrates that lanthanide oxide doping (Ln2O3, Ln = La, Gd, Lu) modulates the silicon-oxygen network and controls in situ PeQD formation. Optimal Ln2O3 concentration disrupts bridging oxygen (Si-O) bonds, yielding a looser network that lowers the crystallization barrier and permits complete laser erasure. Over-doping induces a rigid network that prevents erasure. Erased regions autonomously regenerate via water molecule invasion, with recovery time dictated by lanthanide type and concentration. At 2 mol% Lu2O3, the Si-O tensile vibration at 1039 cm-1 exhibits maximal frequency and intensity reduction, correlating with the shortest self-recovery time in air. The reversible luminescence survives multiple cycles without degradation, enabling 4x6 code arrays and Quick Response codes that are invisible under daylight, decodable under UV, and selectively erasable by low-power fs laser for anti-counterfeiting. This mechanism offers a viable route for critical information encryption and decryption.