Prospects for the Application of PEM Water Electrolysis Hydrogen Production Coupled with Renewable Energy
This study critically examines the coupling characteristics of proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolysis with photovoltaic (PV) and wind power systems, addressing the operational bottlenecks that impede deep decarbonization of the hydrogen sector. The analysis evaluates electrolyzer stack modifications and capacity configurations to assess the feasibility of integrated electricity-hydrogen systems. Key findings indicate that PEM technology, with its rapid response (minute-level startup, second-level load tracking) and wide load range, uniquely matches the intermittency of renewable sources. Recent advances in low-iridium and non-noble metal catalysts, along with domestically produced proton exchange membranes, have reduced reliance on imported materials. Demonstration projects, including the 2.5 MW PEM electrolyzer directly coupled to wind power in Ulanqab and the megawatt-scale project at Zhongyuan Oilfield, confirm technical viability. However, economic parity remains constrained by high capital expenditure and fluctuating electricity prices. The study identifies dynamic response optimization, DC-DC converter matching, and AI-driven control as critical pathways to enhance efficiency and lifespan. These results provide a framework for scaling green hydrogen production and integrating hydrogen into the 'source-grid-load-storage' architecture, offering a viable route to a closed-loop hydrogen economy.