Environmental Chemistry•2026•DOI: 10.0000/202604-1
An analytical method was developed for the simultaneous determination of 11 organic ultraviolet absorbents (OUVs) in coral tissues using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Target analytes included benzophenones (BP, BP-2, BP-3, BP-8) and other common UV filters. Sample pretreatment and chromatographic conditions were systematically optimized. Coral tissue samples were extracted by combined vortexing and ultrasonication, separated on a CAPCELL PAK MG C18 column using a mobile phase of methanol-0.1% formic acid aqueous solution under gradient elution, and determined by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) with internal standard quantification. Method validation demonstrated good linearity for all target compounds over the range of 0.1–500 μg·L−1 (R2 > 0.990), with method detection limits ranging from 0.020 to 0.133 ng·g−1. The mean recoveries at low, medium, and high spiking levels ranged from 60.5% to 120.3%, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 1.6%–10.7%. The method offers advantages of simple pretreatment, good repeatability, and high accuracy, making it suitable for high-throughput determination of OUVs in complex biological matrices such as corals. The method was applied to analyze 89 coral samples collected from Xidao Island, Sanya, and five target OUVs were detected in the samples. This method provides reliable technical support for elucidating the accumulation characteristics of OUVs in corals and assessing their potential ecological risks.
The Chinese Journal of Process Engineering•2026•DOI: 10.12034/j.issn.1009-606X.225227
Imidazolium-based ionic liquids (ILs) are foundational materials in sustainable chemical engineering due to their negligible volatility, exceptional thermal stability, and tunable properties. This study details the development, optimization, and analysis of an industrial-scale green synthesis pathway for 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Bmim]Cl) via quaternization of N-methylimidazole with 1-chlorobutane. Reaction parameters were optimized using orthogonal experimental design, and process intensification strategies were implemented to enhance efficiency and environmental sustainability. The optimal conditions were identified as a reaction temperature of 76 °C, a molar ratio of N-methylimidazole to 1-chlorobutane of 1:1.3, and a reaction time of 36 h, achieving a single-pass yield of 95.6%. Kinetic studies revealed a significant correlation between temperature, molar ratio, and conversion efficiency, with an activation energy (Ea) of approximately 135.7 kJ/mol, indicating pronounced temperature dependence. A closed-loop material recycling system was designed, enabling recovery rates of 99.5% for 1-chlorobutane and 98.1% for ethyl acetate, thereby curtailing raw material consumption and waste generation. This approach aligns with green chemistry principles and propels the process toward near-zero emissions. The pathway offers a scalable model for [Bmim]Cl manufacture and a transferable strategy for synthesizing other ionic liquids, representing a substantial advancement in sustainable process engineering.
SCIENCE CHINA Materials•2026•DOI: 10.1007/s40843-025-3790-5
Near-infrared (NIR) phosphors with high quantum efficiency (QE) and thermal robustness are critical for phosphor-converted light-emitting diodes (pc-LEDs). Here, a Cr3+-activated Lu2BaAl4SiO12 (LBASO) garnet phosphor is engineered via chemical unit cosubstitution of [Ba2+-Si4+] for [Lu3+-Al3+] in Lu3Al5O12 (LuAG), inducing a strong crystal field that yields NIR emission at 705 nm. The optimized LBASO:0.07Cr3+ exhibits an internal quantum efficiency (IQE) of 84.82% and external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 46.02%. Notably, it demonstrates anti-thermal quenching (ATQ) with 126.03% of its initial intensity at 498 K under 442 nm excitation, attributed to a wide band gap, weak electron-phonon coupling, defect trap energy levels, high structural rigidity, and optimized electron population distribution. A NIR pc-LED fabricated with this phosphor achieves an output power of 134.99 mW and photoelectric conversion efficiency of 11.4% at 100 mA drive current. These results underscore the potential of LBASO:Cr3+ for applications in plant lighting, night vision, and nondestructive analysis.
Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology•2026•DOI: 10.1016/S1872-5813(26)60677-9
Mg-, Ca-, Sr-, and Ba-single-doped La2O3 as well as Mg-Ba co-doped La2O3 catalysts were synthesized via a hydrothermal method and evaluated for the oxidative coupling of methane (OCM). The experimental results revealed that the Mg-modified La2O3 catalyst activates O2 and CH4 effectively, yet achieves only moderate C2+ selectivity. Conversely, the Ba-modified analogue affords high C2+ selectivity, albeit at the expense of lower reaction activity. Notably, the Mg-Ba co-doped La2O3 catalyst strikes an effective balance between activity and selectivity, enhancing catalytic performance while maintaining a high C2+ selectivity. Specifically, at a Mg/Ba molar ratio of 1:1 and 700 °C, it achieved a CH4 conversion of 29.5%, a C2+ selectivity of 54.5% and a corresponding C2+ yield of 16.1%. The characterization results indicate that Mg and Ba co-doped La2O3 catalysts promote the formation of more superoxide (O2−) species on the catalyst surface, which in turn significantly enhances both the activity and selectivity of La2O3 catalysts. In situ DRIFTS revealed the presence of superoxide species on the surface of both Mg- and Ba-doped catalysts, with the co-doped system exhibiting a significantly more intense signal for the superoxide species. O2/H2-TPR studies revealed that Mg and Ba co-doped La2O3 catalysts exhibit superior O2 activation capabilities compared to those doped with Mg or Ba alone. CH4/O2 pulse experiments revealed that the co-doped catalysts facilitate faster establishment of oxygen adsorption equilibrium, thereby enhancing CH4 activation and the subsequent formation of C2 products. This work establishes that co-doping La2O3 with Mg and Ba represents an effective strategy for improving catalytic performance in OCM, primarily by modulating the generation and stabilization of key active oxygen species.
Environmental Chemistry•2026•DOI: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2025051404
Rubber additives, such as 1,3-diphenylguanidine (DPG) and p-phenylenediamine antioxidants (PPDs), are widely used in the rubber industry and have been increasingly detected in aquatic environments. This study investigated the distribution characteristics and potential sources of seven typical rubber additives (DPG, 6PPD, IPPD, DPPD, CPPD, DNPD, and 77PD) and the transformation product 6PPD-Q in surface water of the Guangzhou section of the Pearl River, China. A total of 29 sampling sites were analyzed. Total concentrations of the target compounds ranged from 205 to 5400 ng·L−1, with a mean of (820±1100) ng·L−1. DPG was the dominant compound in both dissolved and particle phases, accounting for (99±1.9)% and (66±13)% of the total concentrations, respectively. Source analysis indicated that aquaculture, vessel navigation, agricultural runoff, and wastewater treatment plant discharges likely influence the occurrence of rubber additives in this river section. Risk quotient (RQ) assessment revealed that 6PPD-Q posed high ecological risk at all sampling sites (RQ > 1), while DPG exhibited moderate to high risk at most sites (RQ > 0.1). In contrast, 6PPD, IPPD, CPPD, and DPPD showed low ecological risk. These findings highlight the need for heightened attention to the ecological risks posed by 6PPD-Q and DPG in the Pearl River Basin and provide scientific data for pollution prevention and risk management.
SCIENCE CHINA Materials•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s40843-025-3313-7
Alternating current (AC)-driven quantum dot (QD) light-emitting diodes have garnered attention for their unique optoelectronic performance. This work proposes an AC-driven device with an interdigital electrode structure that eliminates carrier injection and transport layers. The device exhibits AC electroluminescence (EL) with distinct frequency responses due to the incorporation of P(VDF-TrFE-CFE). Optical and electrical characteristics were studied under varying applied voltages and driving frequencies. Unlike conventional DC-driven devices where carriers are continuously injected, carriers in this device undergo periodic motion under an AC field, resulting in an optimal driving frequency that maximizes EL intensity. Experimental results reveal an optimal driving frequency of 50 kHz. A carrier transport model is proposed to elucidate the underlying factors contributing to this optimal frequency, and an equivalent circuit model is developed and verified. From a circuit perspective, the EL behavior at various frequencies is analyzed, further confirming the proposed working mechanism. Under high-frequency electric fields, exciton dissociation and reduced carrier accumulation at insulating layer interfaces are identified as primary causes of performance degradation. This work provides guidance for advancing QD-based light-emitting technology.