Tribological Behavior of Graphene Reinforced Ceramics
Graphene-incorporated ceramics are recognized as promising candidates for tribological applications including machining tools, nozzles, mechanical seals, bearings, and gears. Generally, graphene-incorporated ceramics exhibit lower friction coefficients and wear rates compared to ceramic composites reinforced by other lubricants such as CaF2, MoS2, h-BN, carbon fiber, and CNTs. This review comprehensively summarizes current knowledge on the tribological performance of graphene-reinforced ceramics, highlighting the effects of in situ grown graphene, core-shell structured graphene, three-dimensional assembled graphene, and functionally graded graphene on friction and wear properties. In situ graphene forms stable lubrication films, effectively reducing the friction coefficient of the ceramic matrix. Core-shell structured graphene ceramics achieve outstanding wear resistance through rolling friction mechanisms and crack inhibition. Three-dimensional assembled graphene enhances the stability of lubrication films and contributes to superior friction reduction. Functionally graded graphene ceramics optimize internal structures, improving impact resistance and tribological stability. Challenges and future development directions are discussed, highlighting promising applications in high-temperature, extreme environments, and precision mechanical systems.