All-fibrous multimodal sensor patch for synchronous monitoring of biomechanical and bioelectrical signals
Muscle contraction generates both biomechanical force myography (FMG) and bioelectrical electromyogram (EMG) signals, yet simultaneous acquisition remains challenging due to disparate sensing modalities and interface stability issues. This work presents a four-layered all-fibrous multimodal sensor patch (FMSP) integrating a micro-hump structured pressure sensor and an adhesive electrophysiological electrode. The pressure sensor achieves a sensitivity of 148.1 kPa⁻¹ over a broad range of 0.054–200 kPa, while the electrode maintains a skin adhesion strength of 67.6 kPa, ensuring low interface impedance and a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 21.8 dB for EMG, surpassing commercial gel electrodes. The FMSP enables synchronous monitoring of FMG and EMG during arm movements, discriminating bending angles and lifted weights. This platform addresses the bottleneck of single-modality muscle assessment, offering a dual-signal strategy for muscle fatigue detection and human-machine interfaces. The all-fibrous architecture, leveraging silk fibroin and conductive materials, provides a scalable route for wearable physiological monitoring with enhanced signal fidelity and user comfort.