• • Pressure sensor achieves 148.1 kPa⁻¹ sensitivity across 0.054–200 kPa, enabling detection of subtle muscle deformations (e.g., <1% strain) and high-load contractions up to 200 kPa, critical for dynamic fatigue assessment where commercial force sensors saturate above 50 kPa.
• • Electrophysiological electrode exhibits 67.6 kPa adhesion strength, maintaining stable skin-electrode impedance (<10 kΩ at 1 kHz) and 21.8 dB SNR for EMG, outperforming commercial gel electrodes (typically 15–18 dB) by reducing motion artifacts during perspiration or limb movement.
• • Synchronous FMG and EMG acquisition distinguishes arm bending angles (e.g., 30°, 60°, 90°) and lifted weights (0.5–5 kg) with >90% classification accuracy, providing complementary data for muscle fatigue detection where EMG alone fails during dynamic contractions.
• • Four-layered all-fibrous architecture (silk fibroin-based) enables scalable roll-to-roll manufacturing, with materials cost estimated at <$0.5 per patch, addressing the cost barrier of multi-modal systems that often require rigid components or complex integration.