Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica•2026•DOI: 10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.202608_9711
The integration of high-penetration distributed photovoltaics (DPV) into distribution networks introduces significant operational uncertainties and challenges in maintaining voltage profiles and reliability. This study proposes a robust joint planning methodology for distributed resources based on cluster partitioning to enhance DPV accommodation. A comprehensive cluster partitioning index is formulated, incorporating modularity, active/reactive power balance, and source-load simultaneity rate, solved via an improved genetic algorithm. Subsequently, a bi-level robust joint planning model is established. The upper level determines the optimal siting and sizing of DPV and energy storage under source-load uncertainties, controlled by an uncertainty adjustment parameter. The lower level evaluates reliability indices through an analytical method that accounts for cluster islanding probability, feeding operational information back to the upper level. Iterative optimization balances robustness and reliability. The proposed method is validated through simulations on a modified IEEE 33-bus system, demonstrating its effectiveness in improving DPV accommodation and system reliability. The results indicate that the cluster-based approach reduces power exchange between clusters and enhances local autonomy, providing a practical framework for planning distributed resources in active distribution networks.
Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering•2026•DOI: 10.12030/j.cjee.202507110
Algal-derived taste and odor compounds (2-methylisoborneol, 2-MIB, and geosmin, GSM) in drinking water sources are poorly removed by conventional treatment. This study systematically evaluated the standalone and combined performance of ozone micro-nano bubbles (O3-MNBs) oxidation and powdered activated carbon (PAC) adsorption for removing 2-MIB, GSM, and algal cells from source water. Results showed that O3-MNBs pre-oxidation achieved >97.5% removal of odorants at 400 ng·L−1 and 67.2% algal cell removal within 30 min. When applied as a deep treatment stage, the degradation rate constant (k) was 10.1%–25.6% higher than in pre-oxidation due to lower background matrix interference. Both pre-oxidation and deep treatment reduced effluent concentrations of 2-MIB and GSM to below 10 ng·L−1, with oxidation kinetics fitting pseudo-first-order models (R²>0.95). PAC adsorption of both compounds followed pseudo-second-order kinetics (R²>0.99), with GSM equilibrium adsorption capacity approximately 20.0% higher than that of 2-MIB. In pure water, adsorption capacity increased by >10.0% compared to raw water. Based on kinetic models, a quantitative prediction method was established for O3-MNBs oxidation and PAC adsorption processes, aiming to achieve efficient odorant removal and cost optimization, providing theoretical support for advanced drinking water purification and smart water plant construction.
SCIENCE CHINA Materials•2026•DOI: 10.1007/s40843-025-4107-x
Aqueous fiber zinc-iodine batteries (FZIBs) with four-electron redox exhibit inherent safety and high energy density for wearable electronics. Nevertheless, their practical implementations are hindered by unsatisfactory cycling stability and low realistic energy density, mainly caused by severe H2O-induced nucleophilic attack toward iodine species and poor zinc anode reversibility. Here, we report a quaternary ammonium-mediated coordination strategy to simultaneously address the irreversible cathode/anode redox behavior and thus promote the electrochemical performance of four-electron FZIBs. The cationic choline ion (Ch+) induces complexation with ICl2− via electrostatic interaction, homogenizing the electron cloud density and suppressing irreversible hydrolysis of I+ species, enabling a reversible near-theoretical high capacity of 418.3 mAh g−1. Meanwhile, preferentially adsorbed Ch+ on the zinc anode surface creates positively charged shielding layers, mitigating the tip effect caused by localized electric field and achieving robust zinc stripping/plating. The enhanced cathode/anode reversibility and improved interfacial stability enable stable FZIBs operation for over 20,000 cycles at 20.0 A g−1. Moreover, successful integration of FZIBs into electronic textiles with glucose and cardiac rhythm sensors demonstrates great potential for next-generation wearable electronics.
SCIENCE CHINA Materials•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s40843-025-3420-x
Ion-selective organic electrochemical transistors (IS-OECTs) are promising for biofluid ion detection due to biocompatibility, low operating voltage, and signal amplification. However, their performance is constrained by the nonlinear relationship between effective ion-selective membrane (ISM) potential and gate bias, which causes unstable and degraded current sensitivity (SI) over wide concentration ranges. This work introduces gate bias modulation to maintain high transconductance (gm) across all ion concentration subranges, simultaneously achieving wide detection range and ultrahigh sensitivity. By modulating gate bias from 0.7 to 0.95 V, Ca2+ and NH4+-IS-OECTs based on small-footprint (640 μm2) n-type vertical OECTs (vOECTs) exhibit approximately 3 mA/dec over a wide ionic range of 10−5 to 10−1 M, the highest SI reported for Ca2+ and NH4+ ion-sensitive transistors. This approach provides a general strategy for ultrahigh sensitivity and wide detection range IS-OECTs, extendable to other transistor-based biomolecule and ion sensors, offering insights for advancing high-performance bioelectronics.