SCIENCE CHINA Materials•2026•DOI: 10.1007/s40843-025-3630-2
This study demonstrates a dual-interface engineering approach for performance enhancement in perovskite-silicon tandem solar cells. By applying ethylenediamine dihydroiodide (EDAI2) to simultaneously modify both top and bottom interfaces of wide-bandgap perovskite layers, we achieve synergistic defect suppression and charge transport optimization. Time-resolved photoluminescence characterization reveals extended carrier lifetimes and improved spatial homogeneity in dual-modified perovskite films. The optimized single-junction wide-bandgap (>1.66 eV) perovskite solar cells attain a champion efficiency of 22.75% with enhanced operational stability. Implemented in perovskite-silicon tandem configuration, the devices achieve over 31% power conversion efficiency, validating the effectiveness of organic ligand-mediated dual-interface engineering in regulating carrier dynamics and advancing perovskite-based tandem photovoltaics.
Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology•2026•DOI: 10.1016/S1872-5813(26)60644-5
Lignin, as the sole renewable source of aromatic compounds, holds significant potential for producing green aviation fuel-range arenes via hydrodeoxygenation (HDO). In this study, a series of nitrogen-doped carbon-supported FeMoS/NC bimetallic catalysts were synthesized via a hydrothermal method. The HDO performance was evaluated using 4-ethylguaiacol as a model compound at 340 °C under 3 MPa H2. The unmodified MoS2/NC catalyst achieved a deoxygenation degree of 83.4%, whereas the Fe-modified catalyst with an optimal Fe/Mo molar ratio of 0.3 (Fe0.3MoS/NC) attained complete deoxygenation (100%) with an arenes selectivity of 78.6%. Beyond this optimal ratio, the deoxygenation degree inversely correlated with the Fe/Mo molar ratio. Characterization via XRD, TEM, BET, and XPS revealed that Fe incorporation enhanced the uniform dispersion of MoS2 on the NC support, increased surface acidity, and raised the concentration of sulfur vacancies, thereby promoting adsorption of oxygen-containing compounds. The HDO pathway over Fe0.3MoS/NC primarily proceeded via direct deoxygenation. When applied to real lignin under identical conditions (340 °C, 3 MPa H2, 12 h), the catalyst yielded 65.5% green hydrocarbons, with the C8–C16 fraction accounting for 54.4% of total hydrocarbons and an aromatic selectivity of 63.4% within this fraction. These results demonstrate that Fe0.3MoS/NC is a viable catalyst for selective conversion of lignin into green arenes suitable for sustainable aviation fuel applications.
Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering•2026•DOI: 10.12030/j.cjee.202511051
Photosynthetic bacteria (PSB) wastewater treatment technology is promising for simultaneous pollutant removal and resource recovery (e.g., single-cell protein, hydrogen). However, poor cell hydrophobicity and aggregation lead to low biomass retention and short sludge retention time, hindering engineering application. This study investigated the driving role and mechanism of upflow velocity as a key hydraulic selection pressure on PSB granulation under stepwise increasing organic loading rate (OLR). In laboratory up-flow photobioreactors (UPBR), comparative experiments were conducted with macro-index monitoring and micro-mechanism analysis. Results showed that under high upflow velocities of 3.00–6.30 m·h−1, PSB granular sludge with an average diameter of 285.58 μm and excellent settleability (sludge volume index, SVI = 22.73 mL·g−1) was successfully formed within approximately 60 days. Compared to the control, the granules in the experimental group were larger, with clear boundaries and compact structure, and significant enrichment of filamentous bacteria was observed. Mechanism analysis indicated that OLR provided nutritional driving force for microbial growth, while upflow velocity supplied high hydraulic shear force, physically screening and enriching settleable aggregates, and specifically inducing secretion of hydrophobic tryptophan-like proteins and humic acids (key extracellular polymeric substances, EPS). Additionally, core genera such as Xanthobacteraceae, possessing stress tolerance and EPS secretion functions, were enriched. This study reveals a chain mechanism of 'physical selection–biological response' centered on hydraulic selection, demonstrating that upflow velocity is a key controllable factor for PSB granulation, providing theoretical basis and technical pathway for solving PSB biomass washout and promoting resource-oriented treatment of high-strength organic wastewater.
SCIENCE CHINA Materials•2026•DOI: 10.1007/s40843-025-4039-1
Immunosuppressive metabolites are major drivers of tumor immune suppression. Among these, kynurenine (Kyn) is produced through the catalysis of tryptophan (Trp) 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) in hepatocellular carcinoma. However, TDO inhibition alone is often insufficient because residual pathway flux sustains the accumulation of the downstream immunosuppressive metabolite quinolinic acid (QA). Here, we propose a strategy to disrupt residual kynurenine pathway activity to enhance metabolism-driven tumor immunotherapy. We develop acid-responsive metal-organic complex nanoparticles (APAP@TDOi-Zn, ATZn) that integrate the TDO inhibitor (TDOi) and Zn2+, while encapsulating acetaminophen (APAP) to inhibit 3-hydroxyanthranilate 3,4-dioxygenase (HAAO), thereby limiting QA production and simultaneously suppressing the residual immunosuppressive metabolite. QA suppression limits M2 macrophage polarization, whereas Kyn inhibition and Zn2+ supplementation promote T cell proliferation and cytotoxicity. Consequently, ATZn rewires Trp-Kyn metabolism and augments antitumor immunotherapy. This work enhances the efficacy of metabolic checkpoint blockade and provides a strategy to overcome metabolism-driven immune resistance.
SCIENCE CHINA Materials•2026•DOI: 10.1007/s40843-025-4334-9
Piezoelectric materials underpin modern electromechanical energy conversion, serving as critical components in sensors, actuators, and energy harvesters. Their performance is intrinsically governed by the piezoelectric coefficient, yet optimizing this property remains challenging due to the profound influence of diverse microscopic structures. This review systematically examines three fundamental crystalline architectures—perovskite, wurtzite, and fluorite—and critically analyzes performance optimization strategies tailored to each structure. We explore five principal modification approaches: defect engineering, elemental doping, heterostructure film fabrication, composite film design, and buffer layer incorporation, with emphasis on the underlying physical mechanisms that drive property enhancements. By providing a cross-structural comparison, this review establishes clear structure–property relationships, offering a foundational guide for material selection and design. Furthermore, we highlight the implications of these advanced materials for next-generation applications in energy harvesting and smart devices. Finally, we present a forward-looking roadmap, outlining emerging research directions and addressing key technical challenges to guide the development of next-generation high-performance piezoelectric materials.
Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology•2026•DOI: 10.1016/S1872-5813(26)60668-8
A series of Co-based molecular sieve catalysts with varying Si/Al ratios was synthesized via impregnation. Microstructural properties of Co active sites were characterized by XRD, TEM, Raman, H2-TPR, Py-FTIR, and XPS. Results indicate that surface Co species predominantly exist as CoOx nanoclusters and isolated Co2+, with the latter exhibiting superior N2O decomposition activity. Decreasing the Si/Al ratio of the MFI zeolite promotes the formation of isolated Co2+ active sites, thereby enhancing catalytic performance. Compared to Co/S-1 (pure silica support), the Co/HZ60 catalyst (low Si/Al ratio ZSM-5) lowers the temperature for complete N2O decomposition by 80 °C and demonstrates excellent resistance to O2 and NO. The strong interaction between the zeolite framework and Co2+ inhibits oxidation to Co3+, improving N2O adsorption and activation. This work provides a rational design strategy for efficient and stable Co-based catalysts for N2O abatement in industrial tail gases.
SCIENCE CHINA Materials•2026•DOI: 10.1007/s40843-025-4016-3
Rare earth-based electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbing materials are promising due to their strong dielectric and magnetic loss capabilities, yet effective enrichment and utilization of rare earth ions remain challenging. Here, an anionic imidazolium-based metal-organic framework (MOF), MOZ-200, is employed to enrich multiple rare earth ions (La3+, Ce3+, Pr3+, Nd3+, Y3+) via host-guest interactions. The anionic framework uniformly confines these ions, which are converted in situ into highly dispersed high-entropy rare earth alloy nanoparticles during carbonization. The resulting HE@C composites feature a conductive, graphitized carbon matrix with abundant multi-scale polarization centers and heterogeneous interfaces, enhancing dipole polarization, interface polarization, and conductive loss. Consequently, the material achieves excellent EMW absorption in the Ku band, with a minimum reflection loss of -79.20 dB and a maximum effective absorption bandwidth of 5.23 GHz. Integrated into a polyurethane matrix, a multifunctional flexible device is realized, offering EMW absorption, photothermal heating, microwave de-icing, and hydrophobicity. This work provides a feasible strategy for rare earth ion utilization and advances the design of flexible multifunctional EMW absorbing materials.