Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica•2026•DOI: 10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.202608_9664
Conventional state-of-health (SOH) estimation algorithms for lithium-ion batteries fail to extract requisite features when cells operate under random partial charge-discharge cycling, a condition prevalent in grid-scale energy storage. This study proposes an estimation framework predicated on segmenting the initial charging voltage. Capacity increment (IC) curves are analyzed to extract features corresponding to the initial charge voltage point. Random forest and a composite index determine the optimal feature set and cardinality, which subsequently define the segmentation intervals for the initial charging voltage. Within each interval, interval-specific features are employed for SOH estimation. To address the data scarcity that impedes model training for operational batteries, a transfer learning strategy is implemented. A sample-based transfer method, TrAdaBoost.R2, improved by dynamic time warping (DTW), estimates battery state. DTW computes similarity between source and target domain features, and this similarity is integrated into the weight update mechanism of TrAdaBoost.R2, enhancing convergence and computational speed while preserving accuracy. Validation against NASA and XJTU datasets demonstrates the method's efficacy. In simulation experiment 2, the improved TrAdaBoost.R2 achieves a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.009, outperforming classical TrAdaBoost (0.022), Transfer Stacking (0.018), and Two-stage TrAdaBoost (0.021). The proposed approach offers a robust solution for SOH estimation under partial charging conditions with limited target-domain data.
SCIENCE CHINA Materials•2026•DOI: 10.1007/s40843-026-4165-1
Developing efficient photocatalysts for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) synthesis is vital for sustainable chemistry, yet optimizing the electronic structure of triazine-based covalent organic frameworks (COFs) through precise spatial engineering remains a challenge. In this work, we constructed four model COFs to systematically decode how the spatial arrangement and incorporation level of triazine moieties regulate the electronic structures and H2O2 production efficiency. Combined experimental and theoretical analyses revealed that FB-AT achieved an optimal donor-acceptor architecture via rational spatial arrangement of triazine and benzene moieties. This configuration established an intramolecular potential gradient, which not only promoted charge separation by suppressing the exciton binding energy but also enriched the electron density at triazine sites. These electron-rich active centers significantly facilitated the oxygen reduction reaction by lowering the thermodynamic energy barrier for *OOH intermediate formation. Consequently, FB-AT exhibited a remarkable H2O2 production rate of 11055 μmol g-1 h-1 in pure water, along with a superior solar-to-chemical conversion efficiency of 1.16%. Additionally, FB-AT enabled complete degradation of phenol, tetracycline, and rhodamine B within 5–15 min of visible light irradiation. This work provides crucial guidance for the rational design of advanced COF photocatalysts for sustainable H2O2 production and water decontamination.
SCIENCE CHINA Materials•2026•DOI: 10.1007/s40843-025-3788-9
Fabrication of large-area perovskite solar modules under ambient air conditions remains a critical challenge due to air sensitivity of perovskite intermediate phases during crystallization. Here, we introduce 2-iodoimidazole (IIZ) into the perovskite precursor, enabling the formation of an air-stable pure δ-phase intermediate, which, upon annealing, fully transforms into a highly oriented α-phase perovskite film with reduced defects and variability. Leveraging this approach, we achieve a stabilized power conversion efficiency of 20.9% for 927.5 cm2 perovskite solar modules with high reproducibility. The encapsulated modules meet stringent international photovoltaic testing standards (IEC61215:2021), demonstrating excellent stability under continuous operation, thermal cycling (−40 to 85 °C) and damp heat (85 °C and 85% relative humidity).
Environmental Chemistry•2026•DOI: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2025092802
Activated carbon (AC) filters in drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) experience significant adsorption performance decline over extended operation, yet complete media replacement is a major cost. To evaluate cost-effective strategies, pilot-scale column experiments with five AC replacement ratios (0%, 30%, 50%, 70%, and 100%) were conducted to assess removal of disinfection by-product (DBP) precursors and pesticide-related emerging contaminants. For dissolved organic matter (DOM), all fractions except low molecular weight compounds (LMWC) achieved >85% of the removal obtained with full replacement when 70% new AC was used, with UV254 removal reaching 70%. LMWC, due to small molecular size and low adsorption energy, required higher replacement ratios or full replacement for substantial removal. For DBPs, removal of trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs) was insensitive to replacement ratio, while haloacetaldehydes (HALs) removal improved markedly with increasing ratio, indicating structural selectivity. For pesticide-related contaminants, all except triazoles achieved >95% removal at 70% replacement; triazoles, due to high water solubility, high polarity, and low octanol-water partition coefficient, achieved only ~60% removal. Overall, replacing 70% of AC restored treatment performance to >80% of that with full replacement, ensuring effluent quality while saving ~30% of new carbon cost. Molecular structure, polarity, and pore size matching are key determinants of removal efficiency; optimizing replacement ratio balances water quality and economic benefits.
SCIENCE CHINA Materials•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s40843-025-3452-9
The unstable Li/LLZO interface during lithium stripping and plating impedes interfacial charge transport and accelerates dendrite growth, limiting the development of LLZO solid electrolytes. A freestanding ultrathin Li-Li0.3La0.5TiO3 (LLTO) composite anode with a three-dimensional interconnected mixed ionic/electronic conducting LLTO framework was developed. The mixed conduction arises from in-situ reduction of Ti4+ by metallic lithium. The composite anode exhibits good affinity toward LLZO, achieving a low interfacial resistance of 11.7 Ω cm2 and a lithium self-diffusion coefficient of 4.5×10−11 cm2/s, about one order of magnitude higher than pure lithium. These features enhance Li-LLTO/LLZO interfacial stability, increasing the critical current density fourfold and enabling a 1300-h symmetrical cell cycling life. Solid-state lithium batteries with this anode deliver 80% capacity retention after 220 cycles. This advancement improves lithium metal anode performance in solid-state batteries and offers insights for next-generation high-energy-density electrochemical energy storage systems.