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Pilot Trial on Endogenous Pollution Control in Hejia Ditch, Harbin: Efficacy and Mechanisms of Sediment Elutriation

Graphical AbstractVerified

Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering2026

Pilot Trial on Endogenous Pollution Control in Hejia Ditch, Harbin: Efficacy and Mechanisms of Sediment Elutriation

To support the construction of an ecologically clean small watershed in Harbin, a pilot-scale trial of sediment elutriation was conducted in the Hejia Ditch to evaluate its effectiveness in controlling endogenous pollution and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. After treatment, sediment organic matter, total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) decreased by 5.11%, 10.19%, and 8.71%, respectively. Water transparency, dissolved oxygen (DO), and oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) increased by 102.46%, 11.07%, and 15.66%, while chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) removal rates reached 35.67% and 22.65%. The technology effectively removed surface suspended sediment, leaving a stable layer of coarse inorganic particles that formed a clear mud-water interface. Post-treatment, clay content decreased by 8.87%, sand content increased by 12.37%, and median (D50) and 90th percentile (D90) particle sizes increased by 32.39% and 159.97%, respectively. Mechanical disturbance and particle size redistribution enhanced oxygen transfer at the interface, increasing the abundance of facultative anaerobic phyla such as Chloroflexi and Spirochaetes, thereby suppressing the generation of odorous gases (H2S, NH3) and preventing sediment resuspension. Increased microbial diversity and richness improved ecosystem stability and self-purification capacity. These results demonstrate that sediment elutriation is an effective method for controlling endogenous pollution in Hejia Ditch, providing a scientific basis for ecological restoration and long-term management.

Read Full Abstract10.12030/j.cjee.202510056

Electron-Driven Processes for Sustained Dark Hydroxyl Radical Generation under Redox Fluctuations in Mangrove Soils

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Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering2026

Electron-Driven Processes for Sustained Dark Hydroxyl Radical Generation under Redox Fluctuations in Mangrove Soils

Hydroxyl radicals (·OH) generated via dark reactions under fluctuating redox conditions significantly influence pollutant degradation and elemental cycling, yet the key electron supply mechanisms driving their sustained production remain unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the electron-driven processes underlying sustained dark ·OH generation in mangrove soils under redox fluctuations. Simulated tidal redox cycles were conducted, and electron donating capacity (EDC), three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, and high-throughput sequencing were employed to analyze the dynamics of different Fe(II) species, key organic matter components, and microbial communities. Results demonstrated that, without exogenous electron donors, mangrove soils exhibited stable ·OH generation potential and EDC. During early redox cycles, total EDC of soil suspensions was dominated by reactive Fe(II), while the contribution of reduced organic matter increased over time, with solid-phase components accounting for 94.5%–97.6% of total EDC. Humic acids in soil organic matter facilitated reversible electron transfer via quinone functional groups, maintaining redox activity. Geothermobacter and Desulfobulbus were identified as dominant iron-reducing bacteria, likely key microorganisms for regenerating the "iron-organic matter" electron sources. This study reveals the mechanisms of endogenous electron donor regeneration and sustained dark ·OH generation mediated by iron and organic matter cycling in mangrove soils, providing theoretical support for understanding the long-term environmental effects of ·OH in tidal environments and its impact on biogeochemical cycles.

Read Full Abstract10.12030/j.cjee.202511041

Optimization of CFD Simulation Parameter Settings for Flow Fields with Porous Structures

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Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering2026

Optimization of CFD Simulation Parameter Settings for Flow Fields with Porous Structures

Porous structures are widely used in hydraulic and pneumatic systems for flow rectification and throttling, reducing velocity, regulating pressure, and improving flow stability. Numerical simulation is a common approach to study such flows, yet the lack of standardized parameter settings often leads to user-dependent errors. This study, based on the CFD software Fluent, systematically analyzes nine key parameters across three core stages: modeling, mesh generation, and solver settings. Under both quasi-2D and 3D configurations, the influence and underlying mechanisms of each parameter on simulation results are revealed, and a reference parameter-setting method is proposed. The method is validated against wind tunnel experiments, showing that the simulated average velocity reduction ratio γS deviates from experimental values by less than 6%, confirming its reliability and applicability. This work provides a basis for standardized parameter settings in numerical simulations of porous structures, enhancing consistency and predictive accuracy.

Read Full Abstract10.12030/j.cjee.202510072

Nitrogen-Vacancy Defective Carbon Nitride Modified Graphite Felt Cathode for Efficient Electrochemical Synthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide

Graphical AbstractVerified

Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering2026

Nitrogen-Vacancy Defective Carbon Nitride Modified Graphite Felt Cathode for Efficient Electrochemical Synthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide

Electrochemical two-electron oxygen reduction (2e−ORR) for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) synthesis faces challenges of low cathodic catalytic efficiency and complex catalyst preparation. This study prepared nitrogen-vacancy (Nv) rich carbon nitride via one-step pyrolysis, composited with carbon nanotubes (CNT), and loaded onto graphite felt (GF) to fabricate a non-precious metal gas diffusion electrode Nv-C3N4-CNT/GF. The electrode exhibited a three-dimensional fibrous skeleton with interconnected micro-nano hierarchical pores, facilitating efficient electron transport. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy revealed a low charge transfer resistance of 13.26 Ω, indicating superior electrocatalytic activity and charge transfer efficiency. Single-factor experiments and response surface methodology (RSM) optimization determined optimal conditions: calcination temperature 300 °C, catalyst mass ratio 3:1, Nv-C3N4-CNT loading 0.1 g, current density 40 mA·cm−2, pH 7, and aeration rate 0.1 L·min−1. Under these conditions, H2O2 accumulation reached 1622.73 mg·L−1 after 90 min, which was 1.3 and 1.5 times higher than g-C3N4-CNT/GF and CNT/GF electrodes, respectively. Stability tests showed that after 6 cycles, H2O2 production remained at 1400.52 mg·L−1, and within 960 min, the maximum production reached 2014.04 mg·L−1 with a highest Faradaic efficiency of 54.86%. These results demonstrate the electrode's potential for cyclic use. This study provides a new approach for developing efficient, low-cost electrodes for electrosynthesis of H2O2, offering a reference for green H2O2 production.

Read Full Abstract10.12030/j.cjee.202510081

Carbon Deposition Pore-Narrowing Modification of Activated Carbon for Adsorption of Chlorinated Volatile Organic Compounds

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Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering2026

Carbon Deposition Pore-Narrowing Modification of Activated Carbon for Adsorption of Chlorinated Volatile Organic Compounds

Chlorinated volatile organic compounds (CVOCs) such as dichloromethane (DCM), dichloroethane (DCE), trichloroethylene (TCE), and chlorobenzene (CB) are hazardous air pollutants requiring efficient removal. This study modified a commercial activated carbon (AC) via high-temperature treatment and phenol cracking carbon deposition to tailor its pore structure for enhanced adsorption of small-molecule CVOCs. The modified material (AC-M) exhibited a significant increase in ultramicropore volume (<0.8 nm), leading to a 24.2% increase in DCM adsorption capacity under dry conditions and superior water vapor resistance. Surface oxygen-containing functional groups decreased, enhancing hydrophobicity and mitigating water cluster formation. Adsorption kinetics analysis revealed that AC-M had a 39% higher total adsorption rate constant for DCM and a 22% reduction in mass transfer zone height, indicating faster adsorption. However, for larger CVOCs (DCE, TCE, CB), adsorption capacities slightly decreased due to reduced specific surface area, suggesting their adsorption relies more on micropores of matching size. This work provides a theoretical basis for designing efficient adsorbents for small-molecule CVOCs control.

Read Full Abstract10.12030/j.cjee.202512042

Multi-step Wet Enhanced Removal of Chlorine and Heavy Metals from Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Fly Ash

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Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering2026

Multi-step Wet Enhanced Removal of Chlorine and Heavy Metals from Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Fly Ash

Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash contains high levels of soluble chlorine and heavy metals, posing environmental risks. This study employed a sequential wet treatment process (water washing–water washing–acid washing–water washing) at a low liquid-to-solid ratio of 2:1 L·kg⁻¹ to enhance the removal of chlorine and heavy metals. Acetic acid and a mixed acid (acetic acid:sulfuric acid molar ratio 1:1) were used as acid washing agents. Results showed that the soluble chlorine content decreased from 23.96% in the raw ash to approximately 0.6%, achieving a removal efficiency of 97.5%. The 3 mol·L⁻¹ acetic acid group exhibited high removal efficiencies for Pb, Cu, and Cd at 52.97%, 29.60%, and 61.54%, respectively, while increasing the stable fraction of heavy metals. However, excessive dissolution of Ca and Al occurred. The mixed acid group demonstrated a 6.9-fold higher 'calcium retention' capacity compared to acetic acid alone, attributed to the presence of sulfate. After treatment, the leaching concentrations of Pb and Zn were significantly reduced to 0.001 mg·L⁻¹ and 0.05 mg·L⁻¹, respectively, meeting the limits of the 'Technical Specification for Pollution Control of MSWI Fly Ash' (HJ 1134—2020). The treated ash exhibited a CaO-SiO₂-MgO-Al₂O₃ system, suitable for building material applications. This study provides technical support for on-site, building-material-oriented disposal of MSWI fly ash.

Read Full Abstract10.12030/j.cjee.202511078

Simultaneous Distillation Extraction Coupled with Derivatization and GC-MS for Multi-Residue Determination of Phenolic Compounds in Wastewater

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Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering2026

Simultaneous Distillation Extraction Coupled with Derivatization and GC-MS for Multi-Residue Determination of Phenolic Compounds in Wastewater

A simple, economical method for the multi-residue determination of phenolic compounds in wastewater was developed using simultaneous distillation extraction (SDE) combined with derivatization and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The effects of extraction time, salt concentration, and pH on extraction efficiency were investigated. Optimal recovery was achieved with the addition of 10 g·L−1 NaCl, adjustment of pH to 4, and extraction with dichloromethane for 2.5 h. Under these conditions, recoveries for spiked concentrations of 100 ng·L−1 and 1,000 ng·L−1 ranged from 58.92% to 91.08% (RSD 2.97%–8.60%, n=3) and 68.83% to 109.88% (RSD 3.06%–7.22%, n=3), respectively. Limits of quantification (LOQ) were between 8.46 and 59.67 ng·L−1, with good linearity over the range of 10.0–1,000 ng·L−1. The method integrates extraction and purification in a single step, reducing sample preparation steps and organic solvent consumption, while improving sample throughput and recovery. Derivatization enhances sensitivity, enabling the detection of ultra-trace phenolic multi-residues in complex matrices such as influent of wastewater treatment plants.

Read Full Abstract10.12030/j.cjee.202506024

Distribution and Enrichment Characteristics of Heavy Metals in Soil and Plants Along an Altitude Gradient in the Northern and Southern Mountains of Lhasa

Graphical AbstractVerified

Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering2026

Distribution and Enrichment Characteristics of Heavy Metals in Soil and Plants Along an Altitude Gradient in the Northern and Southern Mountains of Lhasa

This study investigated the altitudinal distribution and enrichment characteristics of heavy metals in the soil-plant system of the northern and southern mountains of Lhasa on the Tibetan Plateau. Soil and dominant plant samples were collected from three sites along an elevation gradient from 3,650 to 4,150 m, and concentrations of Cr, Cd, Cu, Zn, Ni, As, and Pb were analyzed. Soil heavy metal concentrations ranged from 0.06 to 184.4 mg·kg−1, with all elements except Cd and Pb exceeding local background values. Plant heavy metal concentrations were within normal ranges, indicating no obvious stress. Correlation analysis revealed significant positive correlations between soil Zn and Cd, Cr and Ni, and plant Zn and Cu. Except for Cr, Cu, and Cd, plant and soil concentrations of the same element were significantly correlated. Bioconcentration factor (BCF) analysis showed that most plants had weak enrichment capacity (BCF < 1), but five species, including Ephedra sinica and Rheum likiangense, exhibited BCF > 1 for Cd, with R. likiangense showing the highest BCF of 4.01. The enrichment capacity varied with altitude and species. Potential ecological risk assessment indicated that Cd posed a relatively high risk in plants, warranting attention. This study fills a gap in understanding the spatial distribution and enrichment of heavy metals in this region, providing a scientific basis for ecological management and environmental protection.

Read Full Abstract10.12030/j.cjee.202511076

Experimental Study on Purification of Acetone Waste Gas by a Novel Composite Absorbent

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Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering2026

Experimental Study on Purification of Acetone Waste Gas by a Novel Composite Absorbent

Acetone, a widely used solvent in the pharmaceutical industry, poses environmental and economic challenges due to its high volatility and the low concentration of acetone in water-based absorbents, which complicates recovery. This study proposes a composite absorbent comprising 1,4-butanediol (BDO), triethylene glycol, sodium citrate, and water, aiming to enhance acetone absorption capacity and enable cost-effective resource recovery. Response surface methodology optimized the absorbent composition to BDO 35%, triethylene glycol 10%, and sodium citrate 5%, achieving an acetone absorption capacity of 51.97 g·kg−1, which is 2.39 times that of pure water (21.77 g·kg−1). Density functional theory (DFT) calculations and AIM topological analysis revealed that BDO forms stronger hydrogen bonds with acetone, characterized by shorter bond lengths and higher electron density, underpinning its superior molecular recognition and absorption capability. Process simulation of absorption-regeneration cycles demonstrated that, compared to pure water, the composite absorbent reduces absorbent consumption by 36.2% and regeneration energy consumption by 41.15% while achieving effluent acetone concentrations below 100 mg·m−3. This multi-scale investigation, spanning macroscopic experiments, molecular mechanisms, and process simulation, validates the feasibility and advantages of BDO-based composite absorbents for VOC control, providing theoretical and data support for the engineering application of alcohol-based absorbents in efficient organic pollutant separation.

Read Full Abstract10.12030/j.cjee.202509004

Adsorption and High-Temperature Nitrogen Desorption Performance and Mechanism of Granular Activated Carbon for Large-Air-Volume Low-Concentration PCE-Containing Waste Gas

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Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering2026

Adsorption and High-Temperature Nitrogen Desorption Performance and Mechanism of Granular Activated Carbon for Large-Air-Volume Low-Concentration PCE-Containing Waste Gas

To treat large-air-volume, low-concentration volatile organic compounds (VOCs) containing tetrachloroethylene (PCE) generated from rubber-metal bonding, this study systematically investigated the adsorption-desorption behavior and interaction mechanisms of PCE, toluene, and methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) on granular activated carbon (GAC). Static adsorption experiments showed that PCE adsorption capacity reached 556.6 mg·g−1, while dynamic multi-component adsorption capacity was 179.6 mg·g−1. Kinetic analysis indicated that PCE adsorption was controlled by both intraparticle diffusion and external surface adsorption, whereas toluene and MIBK were primarily intraparticle diffusion-limited. During high-temperature nitrogen desorption, PCE underwent dechlorination, hydrogenation, and recombination, producing trichloroethylene, 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,2-dichloropropane, and HCl, with HCl accounting for 3.61% of the chlorine molar content in adsorbed PCE. After four adsorption-desorption cycles, the iodine value of GAC dropped below the industry standard of 600 mg·g−1; however, water washing and alkali immersion extended the cycle life to 8 and 9 cycles, respectively. The HCl generation pattern in co-adsorption systems was consistent with single-PCE systems. A regeneration process combining alkali immersion and water washing was proposed and integrated into an engineering strategy. Compared to conventional activated carbon adsorption coupled with RTO incineration, the proposed classification strategy reduced annual costs by 49.5×10⁴ CNY. This work provides a cost-effective and safe solution for Cl-VOCs treatment.

Read Full Abstract10.12030/j.cjee.202511002

Determination of 2-Bromostyrene in Water by Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction Coupled with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Graphical AbstractVerified

Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering2026

Determination of 2-Bromostyrene in Water by Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction Coupled with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

A highly sensitive analytical method for the determination of 2-bromostyrene in tap water and surface water was developed and optimized using headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The extraction conditions were systematically optimized via single-factor experiments and an L9(34) orthogonal array with range analysis. The optimal conditions were: sample volume 10 mL, extraction time 30 min, extraction temperature 30 °C, stirring rate 1000 r·min−1, and 2.5 g NaCl as salting-out agent. The method exhibited good linearity over the range 100–5000 ng·L−1 (R² = 0.9994), with a detection limit of 13.8 ng·L−1 and a quantification limit of 55.3 ng·L−1. Recoveries from spiked tap water and surface water samples ranged from 90.2% to 102.2%, with relative standard deviations between 5% and 11%. Statistical tests (normal distribution, F-test, t-test) all yielded P > 0.05, confirming the method's reliability. The method is simple, sensitive, and exhibits minimal matrix effects, making it suitable for routine monitoring of trace 2-bromostyrene in drinking water and surface water.

Read Full Abstract10.12030/j.cjee.202511098

Scenario Simulation and Case Study of Oil Spill Diffusion from Oil Pipelines Crossing Rivers

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Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering2026

Scenario Simulation and Case Study of Oil Spill Diffusion from Oil Pipelines Crossing Rivers

With the increasing number of oil pipelines crossing rivers, the potential risks of oil leakage and surface spreading to river ecosystems and water environments are becoming more severe. Scenario-based simulation of oil spill diffusion is a prerequisite for effective interception point placement and leakage risk prevention. Numerous factors influence oil spill diffusion, including environmental conditions, river hydrology, and accessibility of emergency resources. This study integrates these factors and multiple dynamic processes to design eight typical scenarios for oil spill diffusion simulation, considering emergency resource locations, river hydrological regimes, and leakage modes. A case study is conducted on an oil pipeline crossing a river in northwest China. Results indicate that the diffusion distance and affected area are primarily controlled by water conditions and emergency resource accessibility. In emergency management, the efficiency of maintenance and repair resources during high-water months should be prioritized. Mechanistically, external forces such as hydraulic and wind forces have a greater influence on diffusion distance, surpassing internal forces like gravity, viscosity, and surface tension within a short time. For river crossings near emergency resources, internal force effects should be considered in oil spill diffusion simulations. When emergency resource arrival times are long, the diffusion distance based on Fay's theory is relatively small and can be neglected in engineering practice. This study provides a computational basis and methodological reference for risk assessment and emergency response to potential oil spills from pipelines crossing rivers, enhancing the scientific and effective nature of risk prevention and emergency handling.

Read Full Abstract10.12030/j.cjee.202511020

Construction of Pd-Ru/Silicalite-1 Bimetallic Catalysts and Their Performance and Mechanism for Complete Methane Oxidation

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Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering2026

Construction of Pd-Ru/Silicalite-1 Bimetallic Catalysts and Their Performance and Mechanism for Complete Methane Oxidation

Complete catalytic oxidation of methane requires catalysts with high low-temperature activity, long-term thermal stability, and excellent water resistance for industrial application. This study constructed supported Pd-Ru/S-1 bimetallic catalysts using hydrophobic all-silica zeolite Silicalite-1 as support. Systematic catalytic performance tests evaluated methane oxidation activity, thermal stability, and water resistance, while multiple physicochemical characterizations revealed the reaction mechanism. Results showed that the catalyst with Pd/Ru ratio of 2:1 (2Pd-1Ru/S-1) exhibited optimal comprehensive performance, achieving T90 of 380 °C, maintaining 94% methane conversion at 375 °C for 48 h, and demonstrating excellent water resistance. Mechanistic studies indicated that PdO is the main active phase, and the reaction follows the Eley-Rideal (E-R) mechanism. The electronic synergy between Pd and Ru enhances the interaction between PdO and the support, effectively inhibiting sintering and water poisoning of active components. This study aims to provide a new strategy for industrial catalyst design to advance the industrialization of low-concentration methane catalytic technology, addressing its climate and pollution impacts.

Read Full Abstract10.12030/j.cjee.202511010

Study on the coke deposition characteristics of hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolites with synergistic regulation of pore structure and temperature in benzene catalysis

Graphical AbstractVerified

Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology2026

Study on the coke deposition characteristics of hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolites with synergistic regulation of pore structure and temperature in benzene catalysis

Carbon deposition caused by mass transfer limitations is a key challenge for traditional microporous ZSM-5 zeolites in coal tar catalytic cracking. To address this, benzene was used as a model compound. Parent ZSM-5 (NL-ZSM-5) was modified with tetraethylammonium hydroxide (TEAOH) to prepare hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolites with different mesopore sizes. Characterization (XRD, FT-IR, BET, TEM) confirmed successful mesopore introduction via selective desilication while retaining the MFI structure. At TEAOH concentration of 0.4 mol/L (ZSM-5-C), total pore volume increased from 0.24 to 0.43 cm3/g, and Brønsted acid amount increased from 0.28 to 0.67 mmol/g, with improved acid site accessibility. Catalytic experiments and carbon deposition analysis showed that hierarchical pore structure inhibits coking via a synergistic effect of diffusion enhancement and adsorption-site regulation. The coke amount of ZSM-5-C was 4.0%, only one-third of that of NL-ZSM-5 (11.9%). Molecular dynamics simulations confirmed that the diffusion coefficient of benzene in a 3.0 nm mesopore model is an order of magnitude higher than in a 2.0 nm model. Adsorption capacity decreases with increasing mesopore size, shortening residence time. Increasing temperature enhances diffusion but exponentially intensifies surface condensation reactions (Arrhenius effect), which dominates coke formation; hierarchical pores mitigate this negative effect. This research provides a theoretical basis for designing high-efficiency, coke-resistant catalysts for coal tar conversion.

Read Full Abstract10.1016/S1872-5813(26)60653-6

Recent Advances in Catalysts for the Highly Selective Conversion of Syngas into Para-Xylene

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Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology2026

Recent Advances in Catalysts for the Highly Selective Conversion of Syngas into Para-Xylene

Para-xylene (PX) is a critical chemical feedstock for producing polyesters, plastics, and fibers, with China's 2024 consumption reaching 40 million tons (63% of global total) and an import dependency of 17%. Conventional naphtha-based routes face feedstock security and cost volatility, prompting interest in syngas conversion. This review systematically examines recent catalyst developments for direct syngas-to-PX-rich aromatics, focusing on three systems: Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) catalyst/zeolite coupling, methanol synthesis catalyst/zeolite synergy, and dual-engine/zeolite catalysis. Critical parameters such as active component electronic structure, promoter effects, and zeolite pore topology are analyzed to reveal governing principles of activity, selectivity, and stability. Reaction mechanisms via olefin, methanol, and dual-intermediate pathways are explored. Current bottlenecks include coordinated optimization of activity and stability, and unclear regulation of PX selectivity. Future research directions are proposed to address these challenges.

Read Full Abstract10.1016/S1872-5813(25)60624-4

Mechanistic Study on the Enhanced Synergistic Effect in Co-pyrolysis of Huangling Coal and Enzymatic Hydrolysis Lignin via Hydrothermal Pretreatment

Graphical AbstractVerified

Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology2026

Mechanistic Study on the Enhanced Synergistic Effect in Co-pyrolysis of Huangling Coal and Enzymatic Hydrolysis Lignin via Hydrothermal Pretreatment

Co-pyrolysis of oil-rich coal and biomass is a promising route to enhance oil and gas production, yet the underlying synergistic mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study investigates the effect of hydrothermal pretreatment (HTP) on the co-pyrolysis of Huangling coal (H) and enzymatic hydrolysis lignin (E). Raw and pretreated samples were characterized via proximate/ultimate analysis, SEM, ICP-OES, and 13C-NMR. Fixed-bed pyrolysis experiments were conducted to evaluate synergistic performance. Results show that HTP reduces oxygen content, develops pore structure, and increases concentrations of inorganic metal ions (Ca, K, Fe) in the aqueous phase. Structural modifications bring the carbon skeleton of E closer to that of H, with increased bridge carbon ratio and improved thermal stability, aligning pyrolysis temperature ranges. For the H/E blend (8:2) after 24 h HTP, tar yield increases by 80.52% compared to untreated blend, with significant rises in aliphatic compounds and monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Gas yields of H2, CO, and CH4 increase by 5.47%, 10.98%, and 9.27%, respectively, while CO2 and pyrolysis water generation are inhibited (water yield decreases by 93.98%). Semi-coke pore structure becomes more developed. The enhanced synergistic effect is attributed to a multi-fold mechanism of 'component interaction-structural modification-catalytic cracking'. These findings provide theoretical support for developing technologies to improve co-pyrolysis of oil-rich coal and biomass, advancing low-carbon, high-quality utilization.

Read Full Abstract10.1016/S1872-5813(25)60615-3

Oil Production from Thermal Liquefaction of Polyethylene in Low-Pressure Superheated Methanol

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Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology2026

Oil Production from Thermal Liquefaction of Polyethylene in Low-Pressure Superheated Methanol

Improper disposal of plastic waste represents both the loss of valuable resources and significant environmental threat. This study investigates the thermal liquefaction of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) using low-pressure superheated methanol. It systematically evaluates the effects of reaction temperature and the ratio of reactant to methanol on liquefaction efficiency and product characteristics. Results indicate that complete conversion of HDPE can be achieved in low-pressure superheated methanol (<0.5 MPa) at a minimum external heating temperature of 260 °C. Under this condition, oil yield reached 77.1% with alkanes comprising 62.3% of the product alongside minor oxygenated compounds. As temperature increased, the average carbon number of hydrocarbons gradually decreased. Below 260 °C, HDPE conversion decreased significantly, and products were primarily waxy. At 290 °C, the proportion of gasoline-like fractions (C6–C12) increased markedly from 16.6% to 80.9%. Furthermore, reactant ratio plays a critical regulatory role; extremes in ratio—either too high or too low—diminish heat transfer efficiency and reduce conversion. Mechanistically, liquefaction primarily involved cleavage of secondary C−C bonds, where resulting oligomers further cracked into free radicals to form diverse hydrocarbons through secondary reactions. This work demonstrates that low-pressure superheated methanol liquefaction is a mild, efficient, and pretreatment-free method to upcycle polyethylene into valuable fuels. Optimizing these process parameters can pave the way for industrial application, aiding in both plastic pollution management and sustainable resource recovery.

Read Full Abstract10.1016/S1872-5813(26)60678-0

Synthesis of ZSM-5 Molecular Sieve from Coal Gasification Fine Slag and Its Adsorption Mechanisms for Pb2+ in Aqueous Solution

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Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology2026

Synthesis of ZSM-5 Molecular Sieve from Coal Gasification Fine Slag and Its Adsorption Mechanisms for Pb2+ in Aqueous Solution

Coal gasification fine slag (CGFS), a solid waste from entrained-flow coal gasification, is characterized by fine particles and high silicon and aluminum content. This study proposes a simple and economical hydrothermal synthesis of ZSM-5 molecular sieve using CGFS as raw material. Impurities were removed by acid washing, followed by alkaline extraction of silicon and aluminum species. The extracted Si-Al precursors were crystallized hydrothermally at 170 °C for 48 h, yielding ZSM-5 with a high specific surface area of 358 m2/g. Adsorption experiments showed that the synthesized ZSM-5 exhibited excellent Pb2+ removal performance: at 25 °C, the removal efficiency for a 50 mg/L Pb2+ solution reached 83.7%, with an adsorption capacity of 104.625 mg/g under optimized conditions. The adsorption process is mainly governed by chemisorption mechanisms, including surface complexation, precipitation, and ion exchange. Thermodynamic analyses indicated that Pb2+ adsorption is spontaneous and endothermic, consistent with multilayer chemisorption. The synthesized ZSM-5 shows promising potential for application in the treatment of lead-containing wastewater, offering a high-value utilization route for coal-based solid waste.

Read Full Abstract10.1016/S1872-5813(26)60659-7

Research Progress on Mn-Based Catalysts for Catalytic Combustion of Volatile Organic Compounds

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Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology2026

Research Progress on Mn-Based Catalysts for Catalytic Combustion of Volatile Organic Compounds

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from diverse sources severely impact atmospheric environment and human health. Manganese (Mn)-based catalysts, with exceptional structural diversity and abundant redox versatility, are widely used in catalytic combustion of VOCs. This review summarizes the catalytic performance of various Mn-based catalysts, emphasizing preparation strategies for high-performance materials and systematically analyzing how active site construction influences VOC combustion. Catalytic oxidation mechanisms are expounded in detail. Key aspects include MnOx polymorphs, doping with alkali metals (e.g., K+), transition metal composites (Co, Cu), and noble metal loading (Pt, Pd, Au). Performance metrics such as T90 values, oxygen vacancy concentrations, and specific surface areas are discussed. The review provides insights into deactivation mechanisms and anti-poisoning strategies, offering practical guidance for VOC pollution remediation.

Read Full Abstract10.1016/S1872-5813(26)60645-7

Mechanistic Insights into CO Adsorption Modes on Pt-Based Supported Catalysts

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Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology2026

Mechanistic Insights into CO Adsorption Modes on Pt-Based Supported Catalysts

The adsorption behavior and electron transfer mechanism of CO on Ptn/γ-Al2O3 catalysts (n = 4, 13) were systematically investigated using density functional theory (DFT) calculations, complemented by infrared (IR) spectroscopy, electron difference density (EDD), and charge decomposition analysis (CDA). The study reveals that Pt cluster size critically governs the adsorption configuration, electron transfer, and C–O vibrational frequency. For small Pt4 sub-nanometric clusters, highly unsaturated Pt atoms exhibit strong d-electron back-donation, leading to substantial filling of CO π* antibonding orbitals, significant weakening of the C–O bond, and a redshift in IR frequency. Conversely, large Pt13 clusters, characterized by dense structures and electron delocalization, exhibit weakened back-donation, enhanced C–O bonding, and a blueshift. The electron transfer intensity follows the order: linear < bridge < multi-terminal adsorption. Bridge adsorption is most sensitive to cluster size, displaying an IR blueshift of 81 cm−1 when Pt atoms increase from 4 to 13. Multi-terminal adsorption shows stable frequencies due to a 'saturation effect'. This study establishes a comprehensive correlation among Pt size, electronic structure, adsorption properties, and infrared response, providing atomic-scale theoretical guidance for designing efficient Pt-based catalysts with optimized CO adsorption strength and resistance to poisoning.

Read Full Abstract10.1016/S1872-5813(26)60643-3

Research progress on the role of oxygen vacancy in catalysts for dry reforming of methane

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Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology2026

Research progress on the role of oxygen vacancy in catalysts for dry reforming of methane

The extensive emission of greenhouse gases, primarily CO2 and CH4, has contributed to intensified global warming. Dry reforming of methane (DRM, CH4 + CO2 → 2CO + 2H2) offers a pathway for the synergistic utilization of these two major greenhouse gases, presenting important implications for both environmental protection and energy sustainability. However, the catalysts still face challenges such as carbon deposition and sintering of active metals, which adversely affect the catalytic performance and long-term stability. Oxygen vacancies, which are common lattice defects in metal oxides, have been demonstrated to improve the DRM performance by modulating the surface and interfacial properties of the catalysts. This review systematically summarizes research progresses in DRM over the past decade, outlines the major challenges and emphasizes the critical roles of oxygen vacancies in suppressing carbon deposition and inhibiting metal sintering. Furthermore, the mechanisms through which oxygen vacancies influence DRM reactions are discussed, combined with their formation pathways and regulation strategies. These insights provide essential theoretical foundations for the design and synthesis of highly efficient and stable DRM catalysts.

Read Full Abstract10.1016/S1872-5813(26)60638-X

Ni/CaO-ZrO2-Al2O3 Catalyst for CO2 Methanation: Enhanced Low-Temperature Activity and High-Temperature Sintering Resistance

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Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology2026

Ni/CaO-ZrO2-Al2O3 Catalyst for CO2 Methanation: Enhanced Low-Temperature Activity and High-Temperature Sintering Resistance

Ni/Al2O3 is regarded as one of the most promising catalysts for industrial CO2 methanation, yet it suffers from inadequate low-temperature activity and thermal sintering. To address these challenges, an Ni/CaO-ZrO2-Al2O3 catalyst with high low-temperature activity and robust high-temperature sintering resistance was developed by introducing Ca and Zr promoters. Under reaction conditions of 250 °C and a space velocity of 30000 mL/(g·h), the catalyst achieved a CO2 conversion of 96% and a methane space-time yield of 257.5 mmol/(g·h). In a 200 h aging test at 600 °C, the Ca-Zr dual-promoted catalyst exhibited a smaller increase in Ni particle size and less activity loss compared to the Ca-promoted counterpart. Characterization revealed that Ca and Zr promoters not only improve Ni dispersion but also enhance surface basicity, contributing to excellent low-temperature activity. Furthermore, Zr suppresses the transformation of Ca species into CaCO3 via solid-phase reaction under operating conditions, thereby inhibiting Ni sintering and ensuring high-temperature stability. This work provides a novel promoter design strategy for developing high-performance Ni-based catalysts for CO2 methanation.

Read Full Abstract10.1016/S1872-5813(26)60639-1

MoO2(acac)2-encapsulated in TS-1 zeolite catalyst for CO2 coupling with olefins to cyclic carbonates

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Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology2026

MoO2(acac)2-encapsulated in TS-1 zeolite catalyst for CO2 coupling with olefins to cyclic carbonates

The coupling of CO2 with olefins to produce cyclic carbonates has emerged as an important research topic in sustainable chemistry, owing to its high atom economy and the wide applicability of the resulting products. However, this reaction faces a significant challenge due to the mismatch between the rates of the epoxidation and cycloaddition steps. In this work, a series of TS-1 zeolite catalysts encapsulating different amounts of molybdenum acetylacetonate were prepared through hydrothermal synthesis followed by post-treatment, with the aim of elucidating the rate balance between the epoxidation and cycloaddition steps and the underlying regulation mechanism. Characterization results show that the Mo species were present as highly dispersed molybdenum acetylacetonate complexes that were stably confined within the TS-1 framework. These complexes interact electronically with the tetra-coordinated Ti sites to form synergistic active centers, while imposing negligible effects on the zeolite structure and porosity. In the CO2-styrene coupling reaction, tuning the Mo loading enabled effective control over the epoxidation rate, thereby achieving an appropriate balance with the subsequent cycloaddition step. The optimized catalyst delivered excellent performance under mild conditions, with a styrene conversion of 83.4% and a selectivity of 75.3%, and also exhibited outstanding recyclability. Overall, this encapsulated catalyst successfully addresses the dual challenges of rate matching and active-site stability in CO2–olefin coupling, providing valuable insights for the rational design of efficient, durable bifunctional catalysts.

Read Full Abstract10.1016/S1872-5813(25)60628-1

Effects of Zeolite Type and Acidic Properties on the Catalytic Cracking Performance of Dodecane

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Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology2026

Effects of Zeolite Type and Acidic Properties on the Catalytic Cracking Performance of Dodecane

Catalytic cracking of gasoline and diesel to light olefins is a pivotal route for high-value utilization of surplus fuels, typically employing zeolite catalysts. This study systematically investigates the effects of zeolite type and acidic properties on the catalytic cracking of dodecane, a diesel model compound, using SAPO-34, ZSM-5 with SiO2/Al2O3 ratios of 38, 85, and 200, and USY. Catalysts were characterized by XRD, SEM, N2 physisorption, NH3-TPD, and pyridine-FTIR, and evaluated in a fixed-bed reactor. Results demonstrate that zeolite type is the primary determinant of conversion and product distribution. SAPO-34, with 0.38 nm pores, achieved only 24.33% conversion and negligible BTX yield, with severe external coking. ZSM-5-38 and USY, with larger pores, achieved near-complete conversion; however, ZSM-5-38, possessing moderate acidity, yielded the highest light olefins (18.40%) and minimal coke (0.18%), while USY, with higher acidity, promoted hydrogen transfer and coking (12.90% coke). Within ZSM-5 series, lower acid site density (ZSM-5-200) proved optimal, achieving 97.79% conversion and a total light olefin yield of 41.93% (ethylene 11.11%, propylene 20.33%, butenes 10.49%) with low coke (0.43%). The study proposes reaction pathways and regulatory mechanisms, highlighting that zeolite type and acidity govern the relative rates of cracking, hydrogen transfer, oligomerization, aromatization, and coking, thereby dictating performance. These findings provide a rational basis for optimizing zeolite catalysts in commercial gasoline/diesel cracking processes.

Read Full Abstract10.3724/2097-213X.2025.JFCT.0034