Two-Stage Resilience Enhancement Strategy for Distribution Networks Considering MESS-RC-Network Reconfiguration Coordinated Restoration Under Extreme Weather

• • MESS units with 120 kW and 160 kW charge/discharge power and 500 kWh and 600 kWh rated capacities, operating at 0.95 efficiency and SOC limits of 0.1–0.9, enable rapid emergency supply; this matters industrially because it allows flexible deployment to critical loads, reducing outage duration and economic losses during typhoon events. • • The resilience metric R integrates graded load loss costs with penalty coefficients ε1, ε2, ε3 for primary, secondary, and tertiary loads, providing a quantitative measure that correlates with economic performance; this is critical for utilities to prioritize restoration actions based on load criticality and minimize financial impact. • • Dispatch costs of 30 CNY/km for MESS movement, 10 CNY/kW for charge/discharge, 20 CNY/kW for DEG discharge, 50 CNY per switch action, and 1000 CNY/h for repair crew establish a clear economic framework; these values enable cost-benefit analysis for resource allocation, ensuring that restoration strategies are financially viable and scalable. • • Validation on modified IEEE 33-node and 47-node transportation topologies demonstrates the strategy's effectiveness in reducing load curtailment and improving resilience; this provides empirical evidence for adoption in real-world distribution networks, particularly in typhoon-prone regions like Fujian, where historical events caused up to 800,000 customer outages.