• • PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and CO concentrations declined at annual rates of 1.5–4.0 μg·m−3·a−1 from 2018 to 2024, indicating successful coal substitution and industrial emission controls, but O3 increased at 1.3–3.2 μg·m−3·a−1, revealing a critical gap in VOCs management.
• • Dushanzi District's petrochemical industry is the primary source of SO2 and O3 precursors (NOx and VOCs), with PSCF analysis showing high potential source areas concentrated locally, necessitating targeted VOCs reduction to mitigate ozone pollution.
• • PM10 pollution in the region is dominated by southwest transport of dust from bare surfaces and construction, as indicated by PSCF high-value areas confined to the southwest, requiring regional dust control measures.
• • Seasonal variations show PM and CO peak in winter (heating and inversions) and O3 peaks in summer (photochemical reactions), while NO2 peaks in winter due to heating and industrial activity, demanding season-specific control strategies.