Synthesis, Structure, Properties and Applications of High-Entropy Borides

• • High-entropy borides (HEBs) achieve a balance between hardness and toughness, overcoming a key limitation of traditional binary borides, through strong hybridization between metal and boron atoms. • • Theoretical predictions and first-principles methods are essential for component design, enabling the selection of compositions that stabilize single-phase solid solutions. • • Arc melting and spark plasma sintering are the primary preparation techniques, with spark plasma sintering enabling rapid densification at lower temperatures, preserving fine microstructures. • • HEBs exhibit exceptional high-temperature mechanical properties, including ultra-high hardness and excellent fracture toughness, making them suitable for aerospace and cutting tool applications under extreme conditions.