• • Net liquid cross-zone flow proportion ranges from -0.325 to -0.370, with net flow from swirl to packing zone, indicating that under all tested conditions, liquid preferentially moves toward the packing zone, which is critical for designing liquid distribution in absorption processes.
• • Net gas cross-zone flow proportion ranges from 0.022 to 0.310, with net flow from packing to swirl zone, showing that gas preferentially moves to the swirl zone, which enhances gas-liquid contact in that region, beneficial for dust removal applications.
• • Gas loss flow proportion varies from -0.047 to -0.319, and peaks at a liquid spray density of 92.26 m3/(m2·h), indicating that gas cross-zone flow resistance is maximized at intermediate liquid loads, which must be considered for optimizing operating windows.
• • At low gas kinetic energy factors (0.41-0.82 m/s·(kg/m3)0.5) and low liquid spray densities (52.72-72.49 m3/(m2·h)), the packing zone handles at least 83.7% of liquid and 36.3% of gas, maximizing its liquid holdup advantage for absorption; at high gas kinetic energy factors (1.64-2.05 m/s·(kg/m3)0.5) and high liquid spray densities (112.03-131.80 m3/(m2·h)), the swirl zone handles at least 18.7% of liquid and 81.2% of gas, enhancing dust removal efficiency.