• • OPA4 aerogel reduced hemostatic time by ~80% in a rabbit femoral-artery injury model, achieving hemostasis in approximately 20 seconds (from ~100 seconds baseline), critical for prehospital and surgical control of high-flow bleeding.
• • Blood loss with OPA4 was reduced to 38% of the blank group (from ~5.2 g to ~2.0 g), demonstrating superior sealing and clot formation in non-compressible arterial wounds.
• • Post-hydration adhesion retention was only 2% of initial (from ~50 kPa to ~1 kPa), enabling atraumatic removal without rebleeding or tissue damage, addressing a key limitation of non-degradable hemostats.
• • OPAs exhibited antibacterial activity (zone of inhibition >15 mm against S. aureus and E. coli) and biodegradability (complete degradation within 4 weeks in PBS), ensuring safety and reducing infection risk in chronic wounds.