• • The overall river health score for the lower Yellow River in Henan was 83.4 out of 100, corresponding to a 'healthy' grade, indicating generally good ecosystem status and service functions.
• • The biological criteria layer scored only 62.1, the lowest among the four layers, highlighting critically low aquatic biodiversity as a primary ecological deficiency.
• • The 'basin' and social service function layers scored 73.7 and 95.5, respectively, revealing moderate shoreline stability and high but stressed water supply capacity.
• • The 'water' layer scored 95.0, indicating excellent water quality and hydrological conditions, yet water supply security remains under pressure due to demand and management issues.