• • Wearable chemical sensors enable non-invasive, real-time monitoring of biomarkers in sweat, saliva, and exhaled breath, with demonstrated correlation to blood glucose levels (e.g., graphdiyne oxide/Au nanoparticle sensors).
• • Self-powered sensors integrating triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) achieve ammonia detection with high sensitivity at room temperature, as shown by Au-decorated MoSe2 nanoflowers driven by MoS2 piezoelectric nanogenerators.
• • Flexible gas sensors based on nanocomposites (e.g., polyaniline/CNT) exhibit rapid response and recovery for ammonia monitoring in human breath, with detection limits suitable for respiratory diagnostics.
• • Advances in materials such as graphene/MOF hybrids and 3D biomimetic templating enable selective detection of ethanol and acetone, respectively, with potential for diabetes-related monitoring.