• • GaZrOx/H-SSZ-13 composite achieves highly selective CO2 hydrogenation to propane, with selectivity exceeding 90% at 300°C and 3 MPa, demonstrating the critical role of zeolite pore structure in shape-selective LPG production.
• • InZrOx-Beta composite enables selective conversion of CO2 to isobutane-enriched C4 alkanes, with isobutane selectivity above 80% among C4 products, highlighting the influence of Brønsted acid sites on branched hydrocarbon formation.
• • The dual-functional mechanism requires precise matching of metal oxide (e.g., ZnZrOx, In2O3) for methanol synthesis and zeolite (e.g., H-ZSM-5, H-SSZ-13) for methanol-to-hydrocarbons conversion; mismatched acid densities lead to increased methane selectivity and reduced LPG yield.
• • Catalyst stability is enhanced by the synergistic effect between metal oxide and zeolite, which suppresses carbon deposition and sintering; for instance, GaZrOx/H-SSZ-13 maintains stable performance for over 100 hours on stream, a key requirement for industrial application.