• • CVOCs and NOx are co-emitted in flue gases from waste incineration and metal smelting, necessitating synergistic catalytic control for environmental compliance.
• • Catalyst design must balance acidic sites and redox properties to achieve efficient CVOCs oxidation and NH3-SCR simultaneously, with specific emphasis on chlorine desorption and intermediate mineralization.
• • Key challenges include competitive adsorption, chlorine poisoning, and formation of polychlorinated byproducts, which require tailored catalyst formulations to overcome.
• • Future research should focus on interfacial mechanisms, innovative design of multifunctional catalytic sites, and scaling from laboratory to industrial applications.