Protonation-Mediated Multifunctional Silk Fibroin Hydrogel Adhesives for Epidermal Interface Sensing

• • The protonation-mediated SF/PVA hydrogel achieves tunable adhesion and mechanical strength via H3PO4 concentration, enabling precise control over interfacial bonding for epidermal sensing. • • Incorporation of glycerol (Gly) as a moisturizing agent significantly enhances long-term stability, preventing dehydration and maintaining performance during prolonged skin contact. • • The hydrogel demonstrates high biocompatibility, preserving the innate biological activity of silk fibroin while achieving electronic conductivity suitable for bioelectronic applications. • • The material successfully monitors ECG, EMG, and EEG signals with high fidelity, indicating its utility in clinical diagnostics and wearable health monitoring.