• • The composite membrane achieved a theoretical maximum Cr(VI) adsorption capacity of 471.970 mg·g−1 (Langmuir model), significantly outperforming many conventional adsorbents and demonstrating high efficacy for chromium removal.
• • Optimal adsorption occurred at pH 2, with equilibrium reached in approximately 73 h; the process followed pseudo-second-order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm, indicating chemisorption and monolayer coverage.
• • Thermodynamic analysis confirmed the adsorption was spontaneous and endothermic, implying that increasing temperature enhances adsorption performance, which is beneficial for industrial applications involving warm effluents.
• • After three adsorption-desorption cycles, the membrane maintained structural stability with a moderate reduction in capacity, highlighting its potential for regeneration and reuse in practical wastewater treatment.