• • The in-situ triple-layer interface formed by Zr and RE elements increased ultimate tensile strength to 640.9±7.0 MPa, a 34% improvement over the 477 MPa achieved by Ti particle-reinforced GWZ723 composites, enabling lightweight structural components in aerospace and automotive sectors where specific strength is critical.
• • Elastic modulus reached 338.1±1.9 GPa, surpassing the 159.6 GPa of SiC-reinforced Mg-6Zn-1Gd-0.3Ca composites by 112%, which allows for stiffer, weight-reduced designs in precision machinery and robotics, reducing inertial loads and enhancing dynamic response.
• • Thermal conductivity of 376.156 W m−1 K−1 is 2.65 times higher than the 142.1 W m−1 K−1 of rGO:CNT-reinforced ZK61 and approaches the 440 W m−1 K−1 of diamond/Mg composites, making this CFRMMC suitable for thermal management in high-power electronics and electric vehicle battery housings where heat dissipation is paramount.
• • The modified rule of mixtures reduced UTS prediction error from 165.1% to 0.58%, providing a reliable design tool that cuts development cycles and material waste by enabling accurate performance forecasting, thus accelerating industrial adoption of CFRMMCs in safety-critical applications.