• • Optimized laboratory-scale activated carbon achieved a particle strength of 91.3% and specific surface area of 571.44 m2·g−1, with iodine adsorption value of 526 mg·g−1, phenol adsorption value of 125.6 mg·g−1, and CTC adsorption rate of 34.1%, indicating high mechanical robustness and adsorption capacity suitable for industrial applications.
• • Engineering-scale production line (5 t/day) yielded activated carbon with a strength of 94.3% and specific surface area of 471.42 m2·g−1, confirming that the optimized process is scalable and maintains product quality under continuous operation.
• • Process yields were 47.5% for biochar after carbonization and 45.3% for activated carbon after activation, translating to a daily output of approximately 1.18 t of activated carbon from 5 t of feedstock, demonstrating efficient conversion.
• • Production cost was 3,595.65 CNY per ton of activated carbon, with energy consumption and equipment depreciation being the largest cost components; further cost reduction is possible through energy management optimization and scale expansion, indicating economic viability.