Porphyrin-assembled nano-photosensitizer with near-infrared response for highly efficient type I photodynamic and photothermal therapy

• • Photothermal conversion efficiency of 32.7% under 808 nm laser irradiation: This metric exceeds typical photothermal agents (e.g., gold nanostars ~20-25%), enabling rapid localized hyperthermia for bacterial ablation and wound healing, with direct implications for reducing treatment time and laser power requirements in clinical settings. • • Over 90% cell viability at 20 mM TAPP@Cbz-Leu concentration: Demonstrates excellent biosafety, a critical threshold for clinical translation; this high tolerance allows for dose escalation without cytotoxicity, potentially widening the therapeutic window for antibacterial PDT. • • Effective killing of MRSA in infected animal wound models: Addresses the urgent need for alternative therapies against antibiotic-resistant bacteria; the dual-modal PDT/PTT action under NIR light provides a synergistic mechanism that reduces reliance on oxygen and minimizes resistance development. • • First conversion of a type II PS (TAPP) into a type I PS via co-assembly with Cbz-Leu: This supramolecular strategy overcomes the inherent preference for type II processes, enabling O2•− generation under 808 nm light; it opens a scalable, low-cost route to design NIR-triggered type I photosensitizers for hypoxic tumors and deep-seated infections.