Optimal Scheduling of Integrated Energy Systems Considering Carbon-Green Certificate Trading and Demand Response for New Energy Vehicles

• • The proposed method reduces total operating cost by 12.3% compared to the baseline scenario without NEV participation, primarily through optimized charging/discharging of EVs and hydrogen refueling of HVs, which shifts demand to periods of high renewable generation. • • Carbon emissions are reduced by 18.7% due to the carbon-green certificate trading mechanism, where EVs and HVs earn credits for avoided emissions relative to fuel vehicles, incentivizing low-carbon transportation and renewable energy consumption. • • Renewable energy curtailment is decreased by 24.5%, as NEVs act as flexible loads that absorb excess wind and solar power, with EVs providing vehicle-to-grid services and HVs utilizing hydrogen storage, enhancing system flexibility. • • The green certificate trading mechanism increases renewable energy penetration by 15.2%, as NEV owners receive tradable certificates for using green electricity, creating a market-driven approach to promote sustainable energy use in the transportation sector.