• • Optimal expansion section length is 250 mm, balancing spatial constraints and minimizing recirculation zones, which improves flow uniformity and prevents localized hot spots.
• • An expansion angle of 0° yields the most uniform velocity distribution, but industrial installations must adjust the angle based on duct size and space, as pressure drop and flow resistance vary.
• • Catalyst bed spacing of 0.05 m ensures single-layer pressure drop ≤200 Pa, meeting engineering standards while enhancing gas distribution within the bed, critical for uniform catalyst utilization.
• • Alternating heating tubes on both sides of the reactor produce superior temperature distribution, raising the catalyst bed temperature uniformly and promoting VOCs oxidation efficiency.