• • Bypass valve opening must be >50% and at least 2 bypass pipes are required to maintain uniform flow field in the reactor under varying flue gas loads.
• • At 100% flue gas load, the empty reactor pressure loss is 911 Pa; at lower loads, it reduces to approximately 500 Pa, indicating improved energy efficiency.
• • For flue gas loads below 70.59% of design capacity, optimal flow field is achieved by closing 2 bypass valves and adjusting the remaining 2 valves within 50%–100% opening.
• • The bypass design enhances particle collision and reduces dead zones, thereby increasing desulfurization efficiency and operational stability across a wide load range.