Natural Biomass-Derived Polysaccharide Materials for Flexible Wearable Smart Textiles

• • Cellulose-based Janus fabrics demonstrate switchable liquid transportation for personal moisture and thermal management, with directional water/moisture transport enabling integrated personal cooling (Ref. 112, 114). • • Sodium alginate ionic hydrogel fibers exhibit stretchability and sensitivity suitable for flexible strain sensors, with performance metrics indicating high gauge factors and elongation at break (Ref. 117). • • Bacterial cellulose-based piezoelectric macrofibers, crystallized with imidazole perchlorate, offer biodegradability and recyclability for mechanical sensing fabrics, achieving piezoelectric coefficients comparable to conventional polymers (Ref. 119). • • Starch-containing biopolyamide composites function as heat-induced actuator fibers for functional textiles, demonstrating reversible actuation strains under thermal stimuli (Ref. 111).