MXene-based flexible electronics: current advances and future perspectives

• • Microstructured Ti3C2Tx films achieve pressure sensitivities up to 8.4 kPa−1 across 0.1–100 kPa via quantum tunneling between adjacent flakes under deformation, enabling precise physiological signal monitoring (pulse waves, joint movements) with industrial relevance for continuous health monitoring wearables. • • Negative temperature coefficient of MXenes yields linear responses of 0.8%/°C within the physiological range (25–45 °C), providing a critical operational threshold for continuous health monitoring e-tattoos and clinical thermometry. • • Nitrogen-doped Ti3C2Tx electrodes deliver specific capacitances of 495 F g−1, while Mg2+ intercalated MXenes achieve 765 mA h g−1 in lithium-ion capacitors, maintaining performance under mechanical deformation—key metrics for flexible energy storage in wearable and soft robotics. • • MXene-based e-tattoos integrated with hydrogels or polymers enable simultaneous acquisition of ECG, EMG, and sweat biomarker data with enhanced signal-to-noise ratios, addressing multimodal sensing requirements for human-machine interfaces and clinical diagnostics.