Multifunctional Janus Fabrics for Top Sheet of Cloth Diapers

• • Prototype cloth diapers with Janus fabric top sheets achieved a wetback value of 0.12 g, significantly lower than the 0.45 g of commercial products (p < 0.01), directly addressing the clinical issue of diaper rash caused by reverse osmosis. • • The Janus fabric exhibited a unidirectional water transport index (R) of 98.5%, ensuring rapid liquid transfer from skin to absorbent core while preventing backflow, with a transport time of 2.3 s for 50 µL of synthetic urine. • • Functionalized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) provided a 99.99% reduction in Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus populations within 24 h, meeting ISO 20743 antibacterial standards, which is critical for preventing bacterial growth and infections in reusable diapers. • • After 50 wash cycles, the Janus fabric retained 95% of its initial unidirectional transport performance and 90% of its antibacterial activity, demonstrating durability for reusable cloth diapers, with biocompatibility confirmed by ISO 10993-5 cytotoxicity tests (cell viability > 90%).