• • PDEE achieves stable Al//Al symmetric cell cycling for over 2000 hours, a 4-fold improvement over conventional DEEs, directly addressing dendrite-induced short-circuit failures in grid-scale storage.
• • Al-graphite full cells retain near-100% capacity after 6000 cycles, indicating exceptional cycle life suitable for long-duration stationary applications where replacement costs are prohibitive.
• • The engineered N–H functionality in α-pyrrolidone widens the electrochemical window and increases ionic conductivity by 30% (from 1.2 to 1.6 mS cm−1), enabling higher rate capability and reduced polarization.
• • In situ formation of an inorganic-organic bilayer SEI suppresses anode corrosion by 85% (corrosion current density reduced from 0.32 to 0.05 mA cm−2), extending calendar life and reducing maintenance overhead.