Microbial Remediation Technology for Chromium Pollution in Groundwater: Research Hotspots, Mechanisms, and Environmental Factor Analysis

• • Bibliometric analysis of 441 papers (2010–2024) shows a rising trend, with three distinct research phases: basic methods (2010–2016), mechanistic exploration (2017–2019), and process optimization (2020–2024). • • Temperature was identified as the most critical environmental factor influencing microbial Cr(VI) remediation efficiency, based on correlation and principal component analysis. • • Biological adsorption and reduction are the dominant mechanisms; specific strains such as Shewanella putrefaciens CN32 and Pannonibacter phragmitetus BB exhibit high Cr(VI) removal efficiencies under optimized conditions. • • Future research directions include microbial community synergy, nanomaterial integration, and environmental condition optimization to improve remediation performance.